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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_Chemistry_-_The_Central_Science_(Brown_et_al.)/18%3A_Chemistry_of_the_Environment/18.03%3A_Ozone_in_the_Upper_AtmostphereMost of the ozone in the atmosphere is in the stratosphere of the atmosphere, with about 8% in the lower troposphere. As mentioned there, the ozone is formed due to photo reaction. The ozone level is ...Most of the ozone in the atmosphere is in the stratosphere of the atmosphere, with about 8% in the lower troposphere. As mentioned there, the ozone is formed due to photo reaction. The ozone level is measured in Dobson Unit (DU), named after G.M.B. Dobson, who investigated the ozone between 1920 and 1960. One Dobson Unit (DU) is defined to be 0.01 mm thickness of ozone at STP when all the ozone in the air column above an area is collected and spread over the entire area.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_North_Texas/UNT%3A_CHEM_1410_-_General_Chemistry_for_Science_Majors_I/Text/10%3A_Solids_Liquids_and_Solutions/10.11%3A_Vapor-Liquid_EquilibriumVapor pressure is the result of the dynamic equilibrium that exists in every liquid. Read on to learn about what goes on at a microscopic level when you look a seemingly stable glass of water.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Williams_School/Chemistry_I/08%3A_State_Changes_and_Thermodynamics/8.03%3A_Phase_TransitionsPhase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are...Phase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are all endothermic processes, requiring an input of heat to overcome intermolecular attractions. The reciprocal transitions of freezing, condensation, and deposition are all exothermic processes, involving heat as intermolecular attractive forces are established or strengthened.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Chippewa_Valley_Technical_College/CVTC_Basic_Chemistry/08%3A_Acids_and_Bases/8.05%3A_The_Strengths_of_Acids_and_BasesAcids and bases can be strong or weak depending on the extent of ionization in solution. Most chemical reactions reach equilibrium at which point there is no net change. The pH scale is used to succin...Acids and bases can be strong or weak depending on the extent of ionization in solution. Most chemical reactions reach equilibrium at which point there is no net change. The pH scale is used to succinctly communicate the acidity or basicity of a solution.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Louisville_Collegiate_School/General_Chemistry/LibreTexts_Louisville_Collegiate_School_Chapters_10%3A_Liquids_and_Solids/LibreTexts%2F%2FLouisville_Collegiate_School%2F%2FChapters%2F%2F10%3A_Liquids_and_Solids%2F%2F10.3%3A_Phase_TransitionsPhase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are...Phase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are all endothermic processes, requiring an input of heat to overcome intermolecular attractions. The reciprocal transitions of freezing, condensation, and deposition are all exothermic processes, involving heat as intermolecular attractive forces are established or strengthened.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/BridgeValley_Community_and_Technical_College/Consumer_Chemistry/10%3A_Solids_Liquids_and_Gases_Solutions_and_energy/10.03%3A_Properties_of_LiquidsAll liquids evaporate. If volume is limited, evaporation eventually reaches a dynamic equilibrium, and a constant vapor pressure is maintained. All liquids experience surface tension, an imbalance of ...All liquids evaporate. If volume is limited, evaporation eventually reaches a dynamic equilibrium, and a constant vapor pressure is maintained. All liquids experience surface tension, an imbalance of forces at the surface of the liquid. All liquids experience capillary action, demonstrating either capillary rise or capillary depression in the presence of other substances.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/ChemPRIME_(Moore_et_al.)/10%3A_Solids_Liquids_and_Solutions/10.11%3A_Vapor-Liquid_EquilibriumVapor pressure is the result of the dynamic equilibrium that exists in every liquid. Read on to learn about what goes on at a microscopic level when you look a seemingly stable glass of water.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/OpenStax_Chemistry_Remixed%3A_Clovis_Community_College/10%3A_Liquids_and_Solids/10.04%3A_Phase_TransitionsPhase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are...Phase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are all endothermic processes, requiring an input of heat to overcome intermolecular attractions. The reciprocal transitions of freezing, condensation, and deposition are all exothermic processes, involving heat as intermolecular attractive forces are established or strengthened.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_2200%3A_General_Chemistry_II_(Mink)/10%3A_Liquids_and_Solids/10.04%3A_Phase_TransitionsPhase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are...Phase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are all endothermic processes, requiring an input of heat to overcome intermolecular attractions. The reciprocal transitions of freezing, condensation, and deposition are all exothermic processes, involving heat as intermolecular attractive forces are established or strengthened.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Brevard_College/CHE_310%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Biava)/08%3A_Liquids_and_Solids/8.04%3A_Phase_TransitionsPhase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are...Phase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are all endothermic processes, requiring an input of heat to overcome intermolecular attractions. The reciprocal transitions of freezing, condensation, and deposition are all exothermic processes, involving heat as intermolecular attractive forces are established or strengthened.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kentucky/UK%3A_General_Chemistry/10%3A_Liquids_and_Solids/10.3%3A_Phase_TransitionsPhase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are...Phase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are all endothermic processes, requiring an input of heat to overcome intermolecular attractions. The reciprocal transitions of freezing, condensation, and deposition are all exothermic processes, involving heat as intermolecular attractive forces are established or strengthened.
