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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lakehead_University/Analytical_I/8%3A_Titrimetric_Methods/8.2%3A_Acid%E2%80%93Base_TitrationsAcid–base titrations, in which an acidic or basic titrant reacts with a titrand that is a base or an acid, is probably the most common titration used by students in laboratories. To understand the rel...Acid–base titrations, in which an acidic or basic titrant reacts with a titrand that is a base or an acid, is probably the most common titration used by students in laboratories. To understand the relationship between an acid–base titration’s end point and its equivalence point we must know how the pH changes during a titration. We will learn how to calculate a titration curve using the equilibrium calculations from Chapter 6.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westminster_College/CHE_180_-_Inorganic_Chemistry/14%3A_Chapter_14_-_p-Block_Elements/14.5%3A_Group_17/Chemical_Properties_of_the_Halogens/Testing_for_Halide_IonsThis page discusses the tests for halide ions (fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide) using silver nitrate and ammonia.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westminster_College/CHE_180_-_Inorganic_Chemistry/12%3A_Chapter_12_-_Hydrogen/12.1%3A_Chemistry_of_Hydrogen_(Z%3D1)/Hydrogen_PeroxideIt is commonly used (in concentrations typically around 5%) to bleach human hair, hence the phrases "peroxide blonde" and "bottle blonde". It burns the skin upon contact in sufficient concentration. H...It is commonly used (in concentrations typically around 5%) to bleach human hair, hence the phrases "peroxide blonde" and "bottle blonde". It burns the skin upon contact in sufficient concentration. H 2 O 2 is produced by a combination of electrolysis of sulfuric acid and subsequent hydrolysis of the resulting peroxo-disulfuric acid: H 2 S 2 O 8 + H 2 H 2 S 2 O 8 + 2 H 2 O H 2 O 2 2 H 2 SO 4
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/26%3A_Chemical_Equilibrium/26.05%3A_Reaction_Quotient_and_Equilibrium_Constant_Ratio_Determines_Reaction_DirectionThis page explains the Gibbs free energy function's role in predicting spontaneous chemical reactions. It connects the reaction quotient Q, standard free energy change Δ_rG^o, and equilibrium ...This page explains the Gibbs free energy function's role in predicting spontaneous chemical reactions. It connects the reaction quotient Q, standard free energy change Δ_rG^o, and equilibrium constant K. A negative Δ_rG indicates a forward reaction, while a positive value suggests a reverse direction. Q changes with concentrations, contrasting with the constant K.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT%3A_CHE_101_-_Introduction_to_General_Chemistry/06%3A_Concentrations/6.08%3A_Unit_6_Practice_ProblemsUnit 6 practice problems related to solutions, concentrations, and solubility.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Analytical_Chemistry/2%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.0_(Harvey)/12%3A_Electrochemical_Methods/12.1%3A_Overview_of_ElectrochemistryThe focus of this chapter is on analytical techniques that use a measurement of potential, charge, or current to determine an analyte’s concentration or to characterize an analyte’s chemical reactivit...The focus of this chapter is on analytical techniques that use a measurement of potential, charge, or current to determine an analyte’s concentration or to characterize an analyte’s chemical reactivity. Collectively we call this area of analytical chemistry electrochemistry because its originated from the study of the movement of electrons in an oxidation–reduction reaction. Despite the difference in instrumentation, all electrochemical techniques share several common features.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Analytical_Chemistry/2%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.0_(Harvey)/16%3A_Quality_Assurance/16.4%3A_Evaluating_Quality_Assurance_DataNow we turn our attention to how we incorporate this quality assessment data into a complete quality assurance program. There are two general approaches to developing a quality assurance program: a pr...Now we turn our attention to how we incorporate this quality assessment data into a complete quality assurance program. There are two general approaches to developing a quality assurance program: a prescriptive approach, in which we prescribe an exact method of quality assessment, and a performance-based approach in which we can use any form of quality assessment, provided that we can demonstrate an acceptable level of statistical control.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/26%3A_Chemical_Equilibrium/26.11%3A_Thermodynamic_Equilibrium_Constants_Are_Expressed_in_Terms_of_ActivitiesThis page covers the extension of concentration principles to both ideal and non-ideal liquid solutions, emphasizing the use of activity in equilibrium expressions. It underscores the role of the stan...This page covers the extension of concentration principles to both ideal and non-ideal liquid solutions, emphasizing the use of activity in equilibrium expressions. It underscores the role of the standard state in defining activities for pure solids or liquids. The text concludes that reactions with only pure condensed phases cannot reach equilibrium unless ΔrGo=0, typically at melting points.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/19%3A_Equilibrium/19.04%3A_Calculations_with_Equilibrium_ConstantsThis page discusses the importance of iron in red blood cells and its role in preventing anemia. It explains the use of Ferrozine for assessing serum iron, highlighting the significance of the equilib...This page discusses the importance of iron in red blood cells and its role in preventing anemia. It explains the use of Ferrozine for assessing serum iron, highlighting the significance of the equilibrium constant K_\text{eq} in indicating product favorability.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lakehead_University/Analytical_I/8%3A_Titrimetric_Methods/8.4%3A_Redox_TitrationsRedox titration are here the titrant is an oxidizing or reducing agent. In contrast to acid/base titrations, it is convenient for redox titrations to monitor the titration reaction’s potential instead...Redox titration are here the titrant is an oxidizing or reducing agent. In contrast to acid/base titrations, it is convenient for redox titrations to monitor the titration reaction’s potential instead of the concentration of one species.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/2_p-Block_Elements/Group_17%3A_The_Halogens/1Group_17%3A_General_Reactions/Testing_for_Halide_IonsThis page discusses the tests for halide ions (fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide) using silver nitrate and ammonia.
