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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Irvine/UCI%3A_General_Chemistry_1A_(OpenChem)/050VSEPR_-_Steric_Number_4_(OpenChem)
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Tennessee_State_University/Inorganic_Chemistry_(CHEM_5000_4200)/01%3A_Map-_Inorganic_Chemistry-I_(LibreTexts)/03%3A_Simple_Bonding_Theory/3.02%3A_Valence_Shell_Electron-Pair_RepulsionThe Valence Shell Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) model can predict the structure of most molecules and polyatomic ions in which the central atom is a nonmetal; it also works for some structures in which t...The Valence Shell Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) model can predict the structure of most molecules and polyatomic ions in which the central atom is a nonmetal; it also works for some structures in which the central atom is a metal. VSEPR builds on Lewis electron dot structures and together can predict the geometry of each atom in a molecule. The main idea of VSEPR theory is that pairs of electrons (in bonds and in lone pairs) repel each other.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/East_Tennessee_State_University/CHEM_3110%3A_Descriptive_Inorganic_Chemistry/03%3A_Bonding_Theories/3.04%3A_Valence-Shell_Electron-Repulsion_TheoryThe VSEPR model can predict the structure of nearly any molecule or polyatomic ion in which the central atom is a nonmetal, as well as the structures of many molecules and polyatomic ions with a centr...The VSEPR model can predict the structure of nearly any molecule or polyatomic ion in which the central atom is a nonmetal, as well as the structures of many molecules and polyatomic ions with a central metal atom. The premise of the VSEPR theory is that electron pairs located in bonds and lone pairs repel each other and will therefore adopt the geometry that places electron pairs as far apart from each other as possible.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/09%3A_Covalent_Bonding/9.15%3A_Molecular_Shapes_-_Lone_Pair(s)_on_Central_AtomThis page explains how lone pair electrons influence the molecular geometry of compounds, highlighting examples like ammonia (NH₃) and water (H₂O) with their trigonal pyramidal and bent shapes, respec...This page explains how lone pair electrons influence the molecular geometry of compounds, highlighting examples like ammonia (NH₃) and water (H₂O) with their trigonal pyramidal and bent shapes, respectively. It also discusses sulfur tetrafluoride (SF₄) and its distorted tetrahedral geometry.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lansing_Community_College/LCC%3A_Chem_151_-_General_Chemistry_I/Text/10%3A_Molecular_Geometry_and_Bonding_Theories/10.02%3A_The_VSEPR_ModelThe VSEPR model can predict the structure of nearly any molecule or polyatomic ion in which the central atom is a nonmetal, as well as the structures of many molecules and polyatomic ions with a centr...The VSEPR model can predict the structure of nearly any molecule or polyatomic ion in which the central atom is a nonmetal, as well as the structures of many molecules and polyatomic ions with a central metal atom. The VSEPR model is not a theory; it does not attempt to explain observations. Instead, it is a counting procedure that accurately predicts the three-dimensional structures of a large number of compounds, which cannot be predicted using the Lewis electron-pair approach.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Tennessee_State_University/CHEM_4210%3A_Inorganic_Chem_II_(Siddiquee)/01%3A_Basic_Inorganic_Concepts/1.03%3A_Simple_Bonding_Theory/1.3.02%3A_Valence_Shell_Electron-Pair_RepulsionThe Valence Shell Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) model can predict the structure of most molecules and polyatomic ions in which the central atom is a nonmetal; it also works for some structures in which t...The Valence Shell Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) model can predict the structure of most molecules and polyatomic ions in which the central atom is a nonmetal; it also works for some structures in which the central atom is a metal. VSEPR builds on Lewis electron dot structures and together can predict the geometry of each atom in a molecule. The main idea of VSEPR theory is that pairs of electrons (in bonds and in lone pairs) repel each other.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Northern_Michigan_University/CH_215%3A_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_Fall_2023/03%3A_Covalent_Bonding_Models_and_Molecular_Orbital_Theory/3.02%3A_Valence_Shell_Electron-Pair_RepulsionThe Valence Shell Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) model can predict the structure of most molecules and polyatomic ions in which the central atom is a nonmetal; it also works for some structures in which t...The Valence Shell Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) model can predict the structure of most molecules and polyatomic ions in which the central atom is a nonmetal; it also works for some structures in which the central atom is a metal. VSEPR builds on Lewis electron dot structures and together can predict the geometry of each atom in a molecule. The main idea of VSEPR theory is that pairs of electrons (in bonds and in lone pairs) repel each other.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Earlham_College/CHEM_361%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Watson)/01%3A_Intro_Review_and_Effective_Nuclear_Charge/1.03%3A_Simple_Bonding_Theory/1.3.02%3A_Valence_Shell_Electron-Pair_RepulsionThe Valence Shell Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) model can predict the structure of most molecules and polyatomic ions in which the central atom is a nonmetal; it also works for some structures in which t...The Valence Shell Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) model can predict the structure of most molecules and polyatomic ions in which the central atom is a nonmetal; it also works for some structures in which the central atom is a metal. VSEPR builds on Lewis electron dot structures and together can predict the geometry of each atom in a molecule. The main idea of VSEPR theory is that pairs of electrons (in bonds and in lone pairs) repel each other.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Ursinus_College/CHEM322%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry/02%3A_Molecular_Structure/2.02%3A_Lewis_Structures_and_Molecular_Shape/2.2.06%3A_Valence_Shell_Electron-Pair_RepulsionThe Valence Shell Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) model can predict the structure of most molecules and polyatomic ions in which the central atom is a nonmetal; it also works for some structures in which t...The Valence Shell Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) model can predict the structure of most molecules and polyatomic ions in which the central atom is a nonmetal; it also works for some structures in which the central atom is a metal. VSEPR builds on Lewis electron dot structures and together can predict the geometry of each atom in a molecule. The main idea of VSEPR theory is that pairs of electrons (in bonds and in lone pairs) repel each other.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Molecular_Geometry/Bent_Molecular_GeometryThe molecule that is made up of 4 equally spaced sp3 hybrid orbitals forming bond angles of approximately 109.5o. The shape of the orbitals is tetrahedral. Two of the orbitals contain lone pairs of el...The molecule that is made up of 4 equally spaced sp3 hybrid orbitals forming bond angles of approximately 109.5o. The shape of the orbitals is tetrahedral. Two of the orbitals contain lone pairs of electrons. The two atoms connected to the central atom form a molecule with a bent shape.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Duke_University/CHEM_210D%3A_Modern_Applications_of_Chemistry/3%3A_Textbook-_Modern_Applications_of_Chemistry/01%3A_Primer/1.03%3A_Further_Aspects_of_Covalent_Bonding/1.3.04%3A_Molecules_with_Lone_PairsThe VSEPR theory is able to explain and predict the shapes of molecules which contain lone pairs. In such a case the lone pairs as well as the bonding pairs are considered to repel and avoid each othe...The VSEPR theory is able to explain and predict the shapes of molecules which contain lone pairs. In such a case the lone pairs as well as the bonding pairs are considered to repel and avoid each other. For example, since there are two bonds in the SnCl2 molecule, one might expect it to be linear like BeCl2. If we draw the Lewis diagram, though, we find a lone pair as well as two bonding pairs in the valence shell of the Sn atom:
