Search
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Tennessee_State_University/Inorganic_Chemistry_(CHEM_5000_4200)/01%3A_Map-_Inorganic_Chemistry-I_(LibreTexts)/09%3A_Coordination_Chemistry_I_-_Structure_and_Isomers/9.05%3A_Coordination_Numbers_and_StructuresFor this reason the effective size of a ligand is sometimes rated in terms of either a cone angle of space they are estimated to occupy around the metal (called the Tolman cone angle, it is commonly u...For this reason the effective size of a ligand is sometimes rated in terms of either a cone angle of space they are estimated to occupy around the metal (called the Tolman cone angle, it is commonly used to evaluate phosphines' steric bulk) or the in terms of the percentage of the metal's coordination sphere the ligand occupies (called the percent buried volume, it is used to estimate the steric impact of N-heterocyclic carbenes).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/National_Yang_Ming_Chiao_Tung_University/Chemical_Principles_for_Medical_Students/01%3A_Electronic_Structure_of_Atoms/1.05%3A_Quantum_Mechanics_and_Atomic_OrbitalsThere is a relationship between the motions of electrons in atoms and molecules and their energies that is described by quantum mechanics. Because of wave–particle duality, scientists must deal with t...There is a relationship between the motions of electrons in atoms and molecules and their energies that is described by quantum mechanics. Because of wave–particle duality, scientists must deal with the probability of an electron being at a particular point in space. To do so required the development of quantum mechanics, which uses wavefunctions to describe the mathematical relationship between the motion of electrons in atoms and molecules and their energies.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/National_Yang_Ming_Chiao_Tung_University/Chemical_Principles_for_Medical_Students/01%3A_Electronic_Structure_of_Atoms/1.03%3A_Line_Spectra_and_the_Bohr_ModelThere is an intimate connection between the atomic structure of an atom and its spectral characteristics. Most light is polychromatic and contains light of many wavelengths. Light that has only a sing...There is an intimate connection between the atomic structure of an atom and its spectral characteristics. Most light is polychromatic and contains light of many wavelengths. Light that has only a single wavelength is monochromatic and is produced by devices called lasers, which use transitions between two atomic energy levels to produce light in a very narrow range of wavelengths. Atoms can also absorb light of certain energies, resulting in a transition from the ground state or a lower-energy e
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/National_Yang_Ming_Chiao_Tung_University/Chemical_Principles_for_Medical_Students/05%3A_Gases/5.08%3A_Molecular_Effusion_and_DiffusionDiffusion is the gradual mixing of gases to form a sample of uniform composition even in the absence of mechanical agitation. In contrast, effusion is the escape of a gas from a container through a ti...Diffusion is the gradual mixing of gases to form a sample of uniform composition even in the absence of mechanical agitation. In contrast, effusion is the escape of a gas from a container through a tiny opening into an evacuated space. The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass (Graham’s law), a relationship that closely approximates the rate of diffusion. As a result, light gases tend to diffuse and effuse much more rapidly than heavier gases.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/National_Yang_Ming_Chiao_Tung_University/Chemical_Principles_for_Medical_Students/01%3A_Electronic_Structure_of_Atoms/1.06%3A_3D_Representation_of_OrbitalsOrbitals with l = 0 are s orbitals and are spherically symmetrical, with the greatest probability of finding the electron occurring at the nucleus. Orbitals with values of n > 1 and l = 0 contain one ...Orbitals with l = 0 are s orbitals and are spherically symmetrical, with the greatest probability of finding the electron occurring at the nucleus. Orbitals with values of n > 1 and l = 0 contain one or more nodes. Orbitals with l = 1 are p orbitals and contain a nodal plane that includes the nucleus, giving rise to a dumbbell shape. Orbitals with l = 2 are d orbitals and have more complex shapes with at least two nodal surfaces. l = 3 orbitals are f orbitals, which are still more complex.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/National_Yang_Ming_Chiao_Tung_University/Chemical_Principles_for_Medical_Students/01%3A_Electronic_Structure_of_Atoms/1.01%3A_The_Wave_Nature_of_LightUnderstanding the electronic structure of atoms requires an understanding of the properties of waves and electromagnetic radiation. A basic knowledge of the electronic structure of atoms requires an u...Understanding the electronic structure of atoms requires an understanding of the properties of waves and electromagnetic radiation. A basic knowledge of the electronic structure of atoms requires an understanding of the properties of waves and electromagnetic radiation. A wave is a periodic oscillation by which energy is transmitted through space. All waves are periodic, repeating regularly in both space and time. Waves are characterized by several interrelated properties.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/National_Yang_Ming_Chiao_Tung_University/Chemical_Principles_for_Medical_Students/06%3A_Fundamentals_of_Thermochemistry_(Heat_and_Enthalpy)/6.06%3A_Molecules_as_Energy_Carriers_and_ConvertersAll molecules at temperatures above absolue zero possess thermal energy— the randomized kinetic energy associated with the various motions the molecules as a whole, and also the atoms within them, can...All molecules at temperatures above absolue zero possess thermal energy— the randomized kinetic energy associated with the various motions the molecules as a whole, and also the atoms within them, can undergo. Polyatomic molecules also possess potential energy in the form of chemical bonds. Molecules are thus both vehicles for storing and transporting energy, and the means of converting it from one form to another when the formation, breaking, or rearrangement of interactions and bonding.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/National_Yang_Ming_Chiao_Tung_University/Chemical_Principles_for_Medical_Students/02%3A_Periodic_Properties_of_the_Elements/2.E%3A_Periodic_Properties_of_the_Elements_(Exercises)Problems and selection solutions to the chapter.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/National_Yang_Ming_Chiao_Tung_University/Chemical_Principles_for_Medical_Students/07%3A_Principles_of_Thermodynamics_(Entropy_and_Gibbs_Energy)/7.07%3A_The_Third_Law_of_ThermodynamicsAs the absolute temperature of a substance approaches zero, so does its entropy. This principle is the basis of the Third law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of a perfectly-ordered so...As the absolute temperature of a substance approaches zero, so does its entropy. This principle is the basis of the Third law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of a perfectly-ordered solid at 0 K is zero.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/National_Yang_Ming_Chiao_Tung_University/Chemical_Principles_for_Medical_Students/09%3A_Electrochemistry/9.05%3A_Corrosion_and_Its_PreventionB Possible ways to prevent corrosion, in order of decreasing cost and inconvenience, are as follows: disassembling the boat and rebuilding it with bronze screws; removing the boat from the water and s...B Possible ways to prevent corrosion, in order of decreasing cost and inconvenience, are as follows: disassembling the boat and rebuilding it with bronze screws; removing the boat from the water and storing it in a dry place; or attaching an inexpensive piece of zinc metal to the propeller shaft to act as a sacrificial electrode and replacing it once or twice a year.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/National_Yang_Ming_Chiao_Tung_University/Chemical_Principles_for_Medical_Students/08%3A_Chemical_Equilibrium/8.06%3A_The_Direction_of_Change_in_Chemical_Reactions-_Empirical_DescriptionSystems at equilibrium can be disturbed by changes to temperature, concentration, and, in some cases, volume and pressure; volume and pressure changes will disturb equilibrium if the number of moles o...Systems at equilibrium can be disturbed by changes to temperature, concentration, and, in some cases, volume and pressure; volume and pressure changes will disturb equilibrium if the number of moles of gas is different on the reactant and product sides of the reaction. The system's response to these disturbances is described by Le Châtelier's principle: The system will respond in a way that counteracts the disturbance. Not all changes to the system result in a disturbance of the equilibrium.
