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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kansas/CHEM_130%3A_General_Chemistry_I_(Sharpe_Elles)/03%3A_Electronic_Structure_and_Periodic_PropertiesIn this chapter, we describe how electrons are arranged in atoms and how the spatial arrangements of electrons are related to their energies. We also explain how knowing the arrangement of electrons i...In this chapter, we describe how electrons are arranged in atoms and how the spatial arrangements of electrons are related to their energies. We also explain how knowing the arrangement of electrons in an atom enables chemists to predict and explain the chemistry of an element. As you study the material presented in this chapter, you will discover how the shape of the periodic table reflects the electronic arrangements of elements.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Fundamentals_of_General_Organic_and_Biological_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/19%3A_Enzymes_and_Vitamins/19.06%3A_Enzyme_Regulation_-_InhibitionBecause the inhibitor does not structurally resemble the substrate, nor is it competing with the substrate for the active site, the addition of excess substrate does not reverse the inhibitory effect....Because the inhibitor does not structurally resemble the substrate, nor is it competing with the substrate for the active site, the addition of excess substrate does not reverse the inhibitory effect. In the presence of an irreversible inhibitor, the substrate cannot bind the active site at all, nor can high substrate concentrations outcompete the inhibitor, hence the enzyme is completely inactivated.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kansas/CHEM_130%3A_General_Chemistry_I_(Sharpe_Elles)/17%3A_AppendicesThis page is a placeholder created because the page was deleted, but has sub-pages.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kansas/CHEM_130%3A_General_Chemistry_I_(Sharpe_Elles)/03%3A_Electronic_Structure_and_Periodic_Properties/3.02%3A_The_Bohr_ModelBohr incorporated Planck’s and Einstein’s quantization ideas into a model of the hydrogen atom that resolved the paradox of atom stability and discrete spectra. The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom exp...Bohr incorporated Planck’s and Einstein’s quantization ideas into a model of the hydrogen atom that resolved the paradox of atom stability and discrete spectra. The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom explains the connection between the quantization of photons and the quantized emission from atoms. Bohr described the hydrogen atom in terms of an electron moving in a circular orbit about a nucleus. He postulated that the electron was restricted to certain orbits characterized by discrete energies.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Fundamentals_of_General_Organic_and_Biological_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/23%3A_Lipids/23.01%3A_Structure_and_Classification_of_LipidsBy this criterion, the lipid category includes not only fats and oils, which are esters of the trihydroxy alcohol glycerol and fatty acids, but also compounds that incorporate functional groups derive...By this criterion, the lipid category includes not only fats and oils, which are esters of the trihydroxy alcohol glycerol and fatty acids, but also compounds that incorporate functional groups derived from phosphoric acid, carbohydrates, or amino alcohols, as well as steroid compounds such as cholesterol (Figure \PageIndex{1} presents one scheme for classifying the various kinds of lipids).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kansas/CHEM_130%3A_General_Chemistry_I_(Sharpe_Elles)/01%3A_Essential_Ideas_of_Chemistry/1.06%3A_Mathematical_Treatment_of_Measurement_ResultsMeasurements are made using a variety of units. It is often useful or necessary to convert a measured quantity from one unit into another. These conversions are accomplished using unit conversion fact...Measurements are made using a variety of units. It is often useful or necessary to convert a measured quantity from one unit into another. These conversions are accomplished using unit conversion factors, which are derived by simple applications of a mathematical approach called the factor-label method or dimensional analysis. This strategy is also employed to calculate sought quantities using measured quantities and appropriate mathematical relations.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kansas/CHEM_130%3A_General_Chemistry_I_(Sharpe_Elles)/01%3A_Essential_Ideas_of_Chemistry/1.05%3A_Measurement_Uncertainty_Accuracy_and_PrecisionQuantities can be exact or measured. Measured quantities have an associated uncertainty that is represented by the number of significant figures in the measurement. The uncertainty of a calculated val...Quantities can be exact or measured. Measured quantities have an associated uncertainty that is represented by the number of significant figures in the measurement. The uncertainty of a calculated value depends on the uncertainties in the values used in the calculation and is reflected in how the value is rounded. Measured values can be accurate (close to the true value) and/or precise (showing little variation when measured repeatedly).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kansas/CHEM_130%3A_General_Chemistry_I_(Sharpe_Elles)/02%3A_Atoms_Molecules_and_Ions/2.02%3A_Evolution_of_Atomic_TheoryAlthough no one has actually seen the inside of an atom, experiments have demonstrated much about atomic structure. Thomson’s cathode ray tube showed that atoms contain small, negatively charged parti...Although no one has actually seen the inside of an atom, experiments have demonstrated much about atomic structure. Thomson’s cathode ray tube showed that atoms contain small, negatively charged particles called electrons. Millikan discovered that there is a fundamental electric charge—the charge of an electron. Rutherford’s gold foil experiment showed that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus; the positively charged particles within the nucleus are called protons.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kansas/CHEM_130%3A_General_Chemistry_I_(Sharpe_Elles)/07%3A_Reactions_in_Aqueous_Solution/7.02%3A_Precipitation_ReactionsA complete ionic equation consists of the net ionic equation and spectator ions. Predicting the solubility of ionic compounds gives insight into feasibility of reactions occuring. The chemical equatio...A complete ionic equation consists of the net ionic equation and spectator ions. Predicting the solubility of ionic compounds gives insight into feasibility of reactions occuring. The chemical equation for a reaction in solution can be written in three ways. The overall chemical equation shows all the substances in their undissociated forms; the complete ionic equation shows substances in the form in which they actually exist in solution; and the net ionic equation omits all spectator ions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kansas/CHEM_130%3A_General_Chemistry_I_(Sharpe_Elles)/07%3A_Reactions_in_Aqueous_Solution/7.06%3A_SummaryThe formula mass of a substance is the sum of the average atomic masses of each atom represented in the chemical formula and is expressed in atomic mass units. Due to the use of the same reference sub...The formula mass of a substance is the sum of the average atomic masses of each atom represented in the chemical formula and is expressed in atomic mass units. Due to the use of the same reference substance in defining the atomic mass unit and the mole, the formula mass (amu) and molar mass (g/mol) for any substance are numerically equivalent (for example, one H 2 O molecule weighs approximately18 amu and 1 mole of H 2 O molecules weighs approximately 18 g).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kansas/CHEM_130%3A_General_Chemistry_I_(Sharpe_Elles)/17%3A_Appendices/17.13%3A_Answer_Key/17.13.12%3A_Chapter_13(a) Q c = [ CH 3 Cl ] [ HCl ] [ CH 4 ] [ Cl 2 ] ; Q c = [ CH 3 Cl ] [ HCl ] [ CH 4 ] [ Cl 2 ] ; (b) Q c = [ NO ] 2 [ N 2 ] [ O 2 ] ; Q c = [ NO ] 2 [ N 2 ] [ O 2 ] ; (c) Q c = [ SO 3 ] 2 [ SO 2 ] 2 [ ...(a) Q c = [ CH 3 Cl ] [ HCl ] [ CH 4 ] [ Cl 2 ] ; Q c = [ CH 3 Cl ] [ HCl ] [ CH 4 ] [ Cl 2 ] ; (b) Q c = [ NO ] 2 [ N 2 ] [ O 2 ] ; Q c = [ NO ] 2 [ N 2 ] [ O 2 ] ; (c) Q c = [ SO 3 ] 2 [ SO 2 ] 2 [ O 2 ] ; Q c = [ SO 3 ] 2 [ SO 2 ] 2 [ O 2 ] ; (d) Q c = [SO 2 ]; (e) Q c = 1 [ P 4 ] [ O 2 ] 5 ; Q c = 1 [ P 4 ] [ O 2 ] 5 ; (f) Q c = [ Br ] 2 [ Br 2 ] ; Q c = [ Br ] 2 [ Br 2 ] ; (g) Q c = [ CO 2 ] [ CH 4 ] [ O 2 ] 2 ; Q c = [ CO 2 ] [ CH 4 ] [ O 2 ] 2 ; (h) Q c = [H 2 O] 5
