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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/Organic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/07%3A_Alkenes-_Structure_and_Reactivity/7.10%3A_Orientation_of_Electrophilic_Additions_-_Markovnikov's_RuleThis page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Symmetrical alkenes (like ethene or but...This page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Symmetrical alkenes (like ethene or but-2-ene) are dealt with first. These are alkenes where identical groups are attached to each end of the carbon-carbon double bond.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/CHM_222_Chemistry_II%3A_Organic_Chemistry_(2025)/13%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/13.03%3A_The_Reason_for_Handedness_in_Molecules_-_Chirality2) Though the molecule does not contain a chiral carbon, it is chiral as it is non-superimposable on its mirror image due to its twisted nature (the twist comes from the structure of the double bonds ...2) Though the molecule does not contain a chiral carbon, it is chiral as it is non-superimposable on its mirror image due to its twisted nature (the twist comes from the structure of the double bonds needing to be at 90° angles to each other, preventing the molecule from being planar).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Alma_College/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Alma_College)/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.07%3A_DiastereomersCompounds A and C are stereoisomers: they have the same molecular formula and the same bond connectivity, but a different arrangement of atoms in space (recall that this is the definition of the term ...Compounds A and C are stereoisomers: they have the same molecular formula and the same bond connectivity, but a different arrangement of atoms in space (recall that this is the definition of the term 'stereoisomer). In total, there are 2 10 = 1024 stereoisomers in the erythronolide B family: 1022 of these are diastereomers of the structure above, one is the enantiomer of the structure above, and the last is the structure above.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Alma_College/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Alma_College)/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.04%3A_Enantiomers_and_the_Tetrahedral_CarbonStereoisomers are isomers that differ in spatial arrangement of atoms, rather than order of atomic connectivity. One of the most interesting types of isomer is the mirror-image stereoisomer, a non-sup...Stereoisomers are isomers that differ in spatial arrangement of atoms, rather than order of atomic connectivity. One of the most interesting types of isomer is the mirror-image stereoisomer, a non-superimposable set of two molecules that are mirror images of one another. The existence of these molecules are determined by a a concept known as chirality.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Alma_College/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Alma_College)/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.11%3A_ProchiralityWhen a tetrahedral carbon can be converted to a chiral center by changing only one of its attached groups, it is referred to as a ‘prochiral' center.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/Organic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.07%3A_DiastereomersCompounds A and C are stereoisomers: they have the same molecular formula and the same bond connectivity, but a different arrangement of atoms in space (recall that this is the definition of the term ...Compounds A and C are stereoisomers: they have the same molecular formula and the same bond connectivity, but a different arrangement of atoms in space (recall that this is the definition of the term 'stereoisomer). In total, there are 2 10 = 1024 stereoisomers in the erythronolide B family: 1022 of these are diastereomers of the structure above, one is the enantiomer of the structure above, and the last is the structure above.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/Organic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/07%3A_Alkenes-_Structure_and_Reactivity/7.05%3A_Naming_AlkenesAlkenes contain carbon-carbon double bonds and are unsaturated hydrocarbons with the molecular formula is CnH2n; this is also the same molecular formula as cycloalkanes. For straight chain alkenes, it...Alkenes contain carbon-carbon double bonds and are unsaturated hydrocarbons with the molecular formula is CnH2n; this is also the same molecular formula as cycloalkanes. For straight chain alkenes, it is the same basic rules as nomenclature of alkanes except change the suffix to "-ene."
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/Organic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/07%3A_Alkenes-_Structure_and_Reactivity/7.07%3A_Sequence_Rules_-_The_EZ_DesignationThe traditional system for naming the geometric isomers of an alkene, in which the same groups are arranged differently, is to name them as cis or trans. However, it is easy to find examples where the...The traditional system for naming the geometric isomers of an alkene, in which the same groups are arranged differently, is to name them as cis or trans. However, it is easy to find examples where the cis-trans system is not easily applied. IUPAC has a more complete system for naming alkene isomers. The R-S system is based on a set of "priority rules", which allow you to rank any groups. The IUPAC system for naming alkene isomers, called the E-Z system, is based on the same priority rules.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Thompson_Rivers_University/CHEM_1500%3A_Chemical_Bonding_and_Organic_Chemistry/07%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_-_Bonding_and_Structure/7.05%3A_Naming_of_Alkanes_and_Cycloalkanes/7.5.01%3A_Naming_AlkanesThere are too many organic molecules to memorize a name for each one. The IUPAC nomenclature system provides an unique name for each different molecule based on functional groups, the longest carbon ...There are too many organic molecules to memorize a name for each one. The IUPAC nomenclature system provides an unique name for each different molecule based on functional groups, the longest carbon chain and other attached substituents.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Morsch_et_al.)/07%3A_Alkenes_-_Structure_and_Reactivity/7.05%3A_Cis-Trans_Isomerism_in_AlkenesGeometric isomerism (also known as cis-trans isomerism or E-Z isomerism) is a form of stereoisomerism. Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of t...Geometric isomerism (also known as cis-trans isomerism or E-Z isomerism) is a form of stereoisomerism. Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of the atoms in space. That excludes any different arrangements (structural isomerism) which are simply due to the molecule rotating as a whole, or rotating about particular bonds. Structural isomerism is not a form of stereoisomerism, and is dealt with in a separate Module.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/07%3A_Alkenes-_Structure_and_Reactivity/7.04%3A_Naming_AlkenesAlkenes contain carbon-carbon double bonds and are unsaturated hydrocarbons with the molecular formula is CnH2n; this is also the same molecular formula as cycloalkanes. For straight chain alkenes, it...Alkenes contain carbon-carbon double bonds and are unsaturated hydrocarbons with the molecular formula is CnH2n; this is also the same molecular formula as cycloalkanes. For straight chain alkenes, it is the same basic rules as nomenclature of alkanes except change the suffix to "-ene."
