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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_II_(Morsch_et_al.)/18%3A_Ethers_and_Epoxides_Thiols_and_Sulfides/18.08%3A_Thiols_and_SulfidesThiols are organic compounds with a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, known for their foul smell. Sulfides have a sulfur atom bonded to two organic groups and are less odorous. Both are important...Thiols are organic compounds with a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, known for their foul smell. Sulfides have a sulfur atom bonded to two organic groups and are less odorous. Both are important in organic chemistry and have applications in various industries.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_II_(Morsch_et_al.)/13%3A_Structure_Determination_-_Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy/13.05%3A_Spin-Spin_Splitting_in_H_NMR__SpectraThe magnetic moment of H b will be aligned with B 0 in (slightly more than) half of the molecules in the sample, while in the remaining half of the molecules it will be opposed to B 0 . The B eff ‘fel...The magnetic moment of H b will be aligned with B 0 in (slightly more than) half of the molecules in the sample, while in the remaining half of the molecules it will be opposed to B 0 . The B eff ‘felt’ by H a is a slightly weaker if H b is aligned against B 0 , or slightly stronger if H b is aligned with B 0 . In other words, in half of the molecules H a is shielded by H b (thus the NMR signal is shifted slightly upfield) and in the other half H a is deshielded by H b (and the NMR signal shift…
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Chemistry_LHS_Bridge/15%3A_Alcohols_and_Phenols/15.05%3A_Alcohols_from_Carbonyl_Compounds-_ReductionIn organic chemistry, it is often more convenient to regard reduction as the gain of hydrogen or loss of oxygen, and oxidation as the gain of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen. For example, when hydrogen...In organic chemistry, it is often more convenient to regard reduction as the gain of hydrogen or loss of oxygen, and oxidation as the gain of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen. For example, when hydrogen is added across the double bond of ethene to reduce it to ethane, the oxidation number of the doubly bonded carbon atoms decreases from −II to −III. During the reduction the C=O double bond in the reactant and forms a C-O single bond in the product.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/CHM_222_Chemistry_II%3A_Organic_Chemistry_(2025)/06%3A_Structure_Determination_-_Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy/6.10%3A_C_NMR_Spectroscopy_-_Signal_Averaging_and_FT-NMRThe magnetic moment of a 13 C nucleus is much weaker than that of a proton, meaning that NMR signals from 13 C nuclei are inherently much weaker than proton signals. This, combined with the low natura...The magnetic moment of a 13 C nucleus is much weaker than that of a proton, meaning that NMR signals from 13 C nuclei are inherently much weaker than proton signals. This, combined with the low natural abundance of 13 C, means that it is much more difficult to observe carbon signals and there is a much lower signal-to-noise ratio than in 1 H NMR.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/East_Tennessee_State_University/CHEM_4110%3A_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry/05%3A_Molecular_Orbitals/5.01%3A_Formation_of_Molecular_Orbitals_from_Atomic_Orbitals/5.1.01%3A_Molecular_Orbitals_from_s_OrbitalsThese new molecular orbitals had different wavelengths than the two atomic orbitals: one had a longer wavelength and was a little lower in energy, while the other had a shorter wavelength and was a li...These new molecular orbitals had different wavelengths than the two atomic orbitals: one had a longer wavelength and was a little lower in energy, while the other had a shorter wavelength and was a little higher in energy. If we take into account the energy of the two original atomic wavefunctions, and compare them to the total energy of the two new molecular wavefunctions, there is no change overall.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/CHM_222_Chemistry_II%3A_Organic_Chemistry_(2025)/06%3A_Structure_Determination_-_Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy/6.09%3A_Uses_of_H_NMR_SpectroscopySimilarly, if you have decided that you can identify two sets of peaks in the 1 H spectrum, analysing them in different tables makes it easy to keep the integration analysis completely separate too ; ...Similarly, if you have decided that you can identify two sets of peaks in the 1 H spectrum, analysing them in different tables makes it easy to keep the integration analysis completely separate too ; 1 H in one table will not be the same size integral as 1 H in the other table unless the concentrations of the two compounds in the sample are the same.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_232_-_Organic_Chemistry_II_(Puenzo)/04%3A_Ethers_and_Epoxides_Thiols_and_Sulfides/4.09%3A_Thiols_and_SulfidesThiols are organic compounds with a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, known for their foul smell. Sulfides have a sulfur atom bonded to two organic groups and are less odorous. Both are important...Thiols are organic compounds with a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, known for their foul smell. Sulfides have a sulfur atom bonded to two organic groups and are less odorous. Both are important in organic chemistry and have applications in various industries.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.12%3A_Chirality_in_Nature_and_Chiral_EnvironmentsWhen the S configuration of the chiral substrate attempts to fit the configuration does not match that of the receptor as shown in the second drawing where the bottom two groups do not fit the recepto...When the S configuration of the chiral substrate attempts to fit the configuration does not match that of the receptor as shown in the second drawing where the bottom two groups do not fit the receptor site. Since the era of thalidomide, however, a tremendous amount of research in the field of synthetic organic chemistry has been devoted to methods of producing only one enantiomer of a useful compound and not the other.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/Organic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/13%3A_Structure_Determination_-_Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy/13.09%3A_Uses_of_H_NMR_SpectroscopySimilarly, if you have decided that you can identify two sets of peaks in the 1 H spectrum, analysing them in different tables makes it easy to keep the integration analysis completely separate too ; ...Similarly, if you have decided that you can identify two sets of peaks in the 1 H spectrum, analysing them in different tables makes it easy to keep the integration analysis completely separate too ; 1 H in one table will not be the same size integral as 1 H in the other table unless the concentrations of the two compounds in the sample are the same.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/Organic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/23%3A_Carbonyl_Condensation_Reactions/23.11%3A_Conjugate_Carbonyl_Additions_-_The_Michael_ReactionCertain nucleophiles undergo conjugate addition with the alkene of an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds rather than undergo direct nucleophilic addition with the carbonyl. During conjugate addition,...Certain nucleophiles undergo conjugate addition with the alkene of an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds rather than undergo direct nucleophilic addition with the carbonyl. During conjugate addition, a nucleophile adds to the electrophilic β-alkene carbon to from a C-Nuc bond. If the starting materials contains an ester the corresponding alkoxide is used as the base in the reaction. Otherwise a hydroxide base, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, is commonly used.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_232_-_Organic_Chemistry_II_(Puenzo)/16%3A_Synthetic_Polymers/16.02%3A_Chain-Growth_PolymersPolymers resulting from additions to alkenes monomers are chain-growth polymers. In these processes each addition step results in a longer chain which ends in a reactive site. The mechanism of each ad...Polymers resulting from additions to alkenes monomers are chain-growth polymers. In these processes each addition step results in a longer chain which ends in a reactive site. The mechanism of each addition step is the same, and each addition step adds another monomer to extend the chain by one repeating unit. The most common and thermodynamically favored chemical transformations of alkenes are addition reactions.
