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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Exemplars_and_Case_Studies/Exemplars/Foods/Ksp_and_Calcium_FortificationSome of the factors to take into account when adding calcium salts in formulations are taste, mouthfeel, calcium content of the salt, and interactions of calcium with other food components. Again, som...Some of the factors to take into account when adding calcium salts in formulations are taste, mouthfeel, calcium content of the salt, and interactions of calcium with other food components. Again, some of these factors can reduce calcium bioavailability and obtaining calcium supplemented foods with the desired balance between sensory profile and nutritional quality requires careful consideration of the interactions between calcium and other food components.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Exemplars_and_Case_Studies/Exemplars/Environmental_and_Green_chemistry/Conversion_Factors_in_Aerogels_and_Other_InsulatorsIt is only possible to calculate the volume of gold if the density of the alloy is known, so that the volume of alloy represented by the 20 g could be calculated. A solution of ethanol with a concentr...It is only possible to calculate the volume of gold if the density of the alloy is known, so that the volume of alloy represented by the 20 g could be calculated. A solution of ethanol with a concentration of 0.1754 g / cm 3 has a density of 0.96923 g / cm 3 and a freezing point of -9 ° F [5] . What is the volume of ethanol (D = 0.78522 g / cm 3 at 25 °C) in 100 g of the solution?
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Exemplars_and_Case_Studies/Case_Studies/Cisplatin__The_Invention_of_an_Anticancer_Drug/Cisplatin_4._ElectrochemistryAs stated above, we are really more interested in the reverse reaction, the oxidation of Pt 0 to Pt 2 + . The standard cell potential for the oxidation reaction has the same value but the opposite sig...As stated above, we are really more interested in the reverse reaction, the oxidation of Pt 0 to Pt 2 + . The standard cell potential for the oxidation reaction has the same value but the opposite sign as that for the reduction reaction: We will see that the cell potential is related both to the reaction free energy, which tells us whether or not the reaction is spontaneous, and to the equilibrium constant for the reaction, which tells us the extent of the reaction at equilibrium.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Exemplars_and_Case_Studies/Case_Studies/Nutrasweet/3%3A_NutraSweet%3A_Food_AdditivesFor example, the Federal Aviation Administration regulates the aviation industry, the Agricultural Department has responsibilities for the quality of meat and other agricultural products that we consu...For example, the Federal Aviation Administration regulates the aviation industry, the Agricultural Department has responsibilities for the quality of meat and other agricultural products that we consume, the Environmental Protection Agency tackles issues of environmental concern, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration oversees workplace health and safety, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves the drugs, food additives, medical devices, etc., that are presented for use.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Exemplars_and_Case_Studies/Exemplars/Everyday_Life/Chlorinated_Swimming_PoolsIf you have been to a public pool, then you are likely familiar with chlorinated water, which gives of a distinct, slightly irritating smell. As you may guess, chlorinated pools, and their ability to ...If you have been to a public pool, then you are likely familiar with chlorinated water, which gives of a distinct, slightly irritating smell. As you may guess, chlorinated pools, and their ability to remain sanitary, are related to halogen chemistry. Since hypochlorite, OCl – , could also be supplied from an ionic compound such as NaOCl, the latter is often used to chlorinate swimming pools.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Exemplars_and_Case_Studies/Case_Studies/Cisplatin__The_Invention_of_an_Anticancer_Drug/Cisplatin_x20._Other_Treatments_for_CancerWe have spent a lot of time discussing cisplatin: from its serendipitous discovery to its use as a chemotherapeutic agent to combat certain forms of cancer. In this module, we will discuss some other ...We have spent a lot of time discussing cisplatin: from its serendipitous discovery to its use as a chemotherapeutic agent to combat certain forms of cancer. In this module, we will discuss some other treatments for cancer and describe how cisplatin and chemotherapy in general fit into the big picture.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Exemplars_and_Case_Studies/Exemplars/Biology/Diluting_and_Mixing_I.V._SolutionsSolution To calculate concentration, we first obtain the amount of KCI in the 12.5 ml (12.5 cm 3 ) of solution added to the volumetric flask: \[\text{V}_{\text{old}}=\text{250}\text{.00 cm}^{\text{3}}...Solution To calculate concentration, we first obtain the amount of KCI in the 12.5 ml (12.5 cm 3 ) of solution added to the volumetric flask: Vold=250.00 cm3 × 8.81×10−4mmol1 cm3 × 1 cm30.316 46 mmol =62.90 cm3
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Exemplars_and_Case_Studies/Case_Studies/Nuclear_Energy_for_Today's_World/04._The_Discovery_of_Fission_(1938)From 1935-1938, Hahn, Strassmann, and Meitner in Germany identified at least 10 radioactive products resulting from the neutron bombardment of uranium, many more than Fermi’s group in Italy had observ...From 1935-1938, Hahn, Strassmann, and Meitner in Germany identified at least 10 radioactive products resulting from the neutron bombardment of uranium, many more than Fermi’s group in Italy had observed initially. They assumed that these substances were new transuranic elements or isotopes of uranium.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Exemplars_and_Case_Studies/Case_Studies/Nuclear_Energy_for_Today's_World/10%3A_Nuclear_ReactorsToday many nations are considering an expanded role for nuclear power in their energy portfolios. This expansion is driven by concerns about global warming, growth in energy demand, and relative costs...Today many nations are considering an expanded role for nuclear power in their energy portfolios. This expansion is driven by concerns about global warming, growth in energy demand, and relative costs of alternative energy sources.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Exemplars_and_Case_Studies/Case_Studies/Heat_and_Chemical_Resistant_Silicone_Rubber/Silicones_6._(CH3)2SiCl2/Silicones_6a._Thermodynamics_and_the_Preparation_of_SiliconWe learned in thermodynamics that the universe seems to want to go to a disordered state of what we called high entropy. But we learned in thermodynamics that if a process had high positive enthalpy -...We learned in thermodynamics that the universe seems to want to go to a disordered state of what we called high entropy. But we learned in thermodynamics that if a process had high positive enthalpy - was not spontaneous at room temperature, we could only make the process go forward if the entropy was positive and we raised the temperature. Thus the silicon is certain to be contaminated with the two other solid materials, sand and carbon.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Exemplars_and_Case_Studies/Exemplars/Physics_and_Astronomy/The_Elements_of_MarsBecause Fe 2 O 3 is a compound, we know that a certain molar ratio of oxygen will always be present with the iron, and use the ratio to obtain the moles of oxygen present from Fe 2 O 3 . The combined ...Because Fe 2 O 3 is a compound, we know that a certain molar ratio of oxygen will always be present with the iron, and use the ratio to obtain the moles of oxygen present from Fe 2 O 3 . The combined masses of the given iron and calculated oxygen account for the total mass of Fe 2 O 3 . This value divided by the mass of the entire sample will give the % mass of Fe 2 O 3 .
