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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biological_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Biological_Chemistry)/Metabolism/ATP_ADPATP is an unstable molecule which hydrolyzes to ADP and inorganic phosphate when it is in equilibrium with water. The high energy of this molecule comes from the two high-energy phosphate bonds. The b...ATP is an unstable molecule which hydrolyzes to ADP and inorganic phosphate when it is in equilibrium with water. The high energy of this molecule comes from the two high-energy phosphate bonds. The bonds between phosphate molecules are called phosphoanhydride bonds.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kansas/CHEM_110%3A_Introductory_Chemistry_(Sharpe_Elles)_SP25/13%3A_Energy_Metabolism/13.01%3A_ATP-_the_Universal_Energy_CurrencyThe hydrolysis of ATP releases energy that can be used for cellular processes that require energy.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_Southern_University/CHEM_1152%3A_Survey_of_Chemistry_II_(Osborne)/10%3A_Metabolism/10.01%3A_Prelude_to_MetabolismThe insulin receptor is located in the cell membrane and consists of four polypeptide chains: two identical chains called α chains and two identical chains called β chains. The α chains, positioned on...The insulin receptor is located in the cell membrane and consists of four polypeptide chains: two identical chains called α chains and two identical chains called β chains. The α chains, positioned on the outer surface of the membrane, consist of 735 amino acids each and contain the binding site for insulin. The β chains are integral membrane proteins, each composed of 620 amino acids.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT%3A_CHE_333_-_Organic_Chemistry_III_(Lund)/New_Page/9%3A_Phosphate_Transfer_Reactions/9.3%3A_ATP_The_Principal_Phosphate_Group_DonorThus far we have been very general in our discussion of phosphate transfer reactions, referring only to generic 'donor' and 'acceptor' species. It's time to get more specific. The most important donor...Thus far we have been very general in our discussion of phosphate transfer reactions, referring only to generic 'donor' and 'acceptor' species. It's time to get more specific. The most important donor of phosphate groups in the cell is a molecule called adenosine triphosphate, commonly known by its abbreviation ATP.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Oneonta/Organic_Chemistry_with_a_Biological_Emphasis_(SUNY_Oneonta)/09%3A_Phosphate_Transfer_Reactions/9.05%3A_Phosphorylation_of_AlcoholsA broad family of enzymes called kinases catalyze transfer of a phosphate group from TP to an alcohol acceptor. Mechanistically, the alcohol oxygen acts as a nucleophile, attacking the electrophilic g...A broad family of enzymes called kinases catalyze transfer of a phosphate group from TP to an alcohol acceptor. Mechanistically, the alcohol oxygen acts as a nucleophile, attacking the electrophilic g-phosphorus of TP and expelling ADP.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_Chico/CSU_Chico%3A_CHEM_451_-_Biochemistry_I/CHEM_451_Test/10%3A_Oxidation/10.3%3A_ATP_and_Oxidative_Phosphorylation/C1.__ATPBiological oxidation reactions serve two functions. Oxidation of organic molecules can produce new molecules with different properties. For example, increases in solubility is observed on hydroxylatio...Biological oxidation reactions serve two functions. Oxidation of organic molecules can produce new molecules with different properties. For example, increases in solubility is observed on hydroxylation of aromatic substrates by cytochrome P450. Likewise, amino acids can by oxidized to produce neurotransmitters. Most biological oxidation reactions occur, however, to produce energy to drive thermodynamically unfavored biological processes such as protein and nucleic acid synthesis, or motility.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Oneonta/Chem_322_Lecture_Content/01%3A_Phosphate_Transfer_Reactions/1.05%3A_Phosphorylation_of_AlcoholsA broad family of enzymes called kinases catalyze transfer of a phosphate group from TP to an alcohol acceptor. Mechanistically, the alcohol oxygen acts as a nucleophile, attacking the electrophilic g...A broad family of enzymes called kinases catalyze transfer of a phosphate group from TP to an alcohol acceptor. Mechanistically, the alcohol oxygen acts as a nucleophile, attacking the electrophilic g-phosphorus of TP and expelling ADP.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/California_Polytechnic_State_University_San_Luis_Obispo/Survey_of_Biochemistry_and_Biotechnology/07%3A_Regulation_of_Metabolism_and_Homeostasis/7.02%3A_How_Cells_Obtain_Energy/7.2.02%3A_GlycolysisATP functions as the energy currency for cells. It allows cells to store energy briefly and transport it within itself to support endergonic chemical reactions. The structure of ATP is that of an RNA ...ATP functions as the energy currency for cells. It allows cells to store energy briefly and transport it within itself to support endergonic chemical reactions. The structure of ATP is that of an RNA nucleotide with three phosphate groups attached. As ATP is used for energy, a phosphate group is detached, and ADP is produced. Energy derived from glucose catabolism is used to recharge ADP into ATP. Glycolysis is the first pathway used in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Basics_of_General_Organic_and_Biological_Chemistry_(Ball_et_al.)/20%3A_Energy_Metabolism/20.01%3A_ATP-_the_Universal_Energy_CurrencyThe hydrolysis of ATP releases energy that can be used for cellular processes that require energy.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Woodland_Community_College/Chem_2B%3A_Introductory_Chemistry_II/09%3A_Energy_Metabolism/9.02%3A_ATP-_the_Universal_Energy_CurrencyThe hydrolysis of ATP releases energy that can be used for cellular processes that require energy.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_North_Carolina_Charlotte/CHEM_2141%3A__Survey_of_Physical_Chemistry/08%3A_Optional-_Special_topics/8.05%3A_Food_to_energy_metabolic_pathways/8.5.01%3A_Basics_of_metabolismMetabolism, its subclasses: catabolism, anabolism; stages of food catabolism, and some important compounds involved in food catabolism, including ATP/ADP, NAD+/NADH, FAD/FADH2 pairs are described.
