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11: Solutions, Colloids and Membranes: Questions

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    43925
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    Mixtures and Solutions

    (01) Answer the following True or False statements.

    1. In a solution, the solvent is the substance being dissolved
    2. An electrolyte is another word for molecule
    3. A solution is a pure substance
    4. Homogenous is the best way to describe a solution
    5. A solute is all that is needed to make a solution

    (02) Of the following examples of solutions, determine whether the solute is an electrolyte or a molecule.

    1. Plain soda (carbonated) water
    2. Apple juice from concentrate
    3. A bottle of rubbing alcohol (2-propanol)
    4. A saline solution of KCl
    5. A sodium bicarbonate buffer for use in acid-base experiments

    (03) It is important to distinguish between the solute and the solvent. For each example that is a solution, identify which substance is the solute and which is the solvent.

    1. carbonated water
    2. a saline solution of sodium chloride
    3. sugar water for a bird feeder
    4. a sodium bicarbonate buffer solution
    5. oxygen in air

    Solution Concentrations

    (04) Many different biological molecules must be monitored to maintain a healthy body. Perform the following operations to convert one unit of measurement to another.

    1. Blood sugar (glucose) level of 60 mg/dL to g/L
    2. Blood cholesterol level of 185 mg/dL to mcg/mL
    3. Iron level of 142 mcg/dL to mg/L
    4. Blood alcohol level of 10 mg/dL to g/L
    5. Sodium level of 150 mg/dL to mcg/mL

    (05) What mass in grams of glucose will you need if you wish to make a solution of 5.00% (m/v) of 250 mL?

    (06) You have 23.0 g of potassium phosphate with which to make a 20.0% (m/v) solution. What volume of solvent will you need to get this concentration?

    (07) Convert the following quantities to the desired units.

    1. 860 mmol/L to mol/L
    2. 70 mol/dL to mol/L
    3. 8 mol/L to mmol/mL
    4. 900 mmol/mL to mol/L
    5. 17 mol/L to mmol/dL

    (08) How many moles of hydroxide are there in a 300. mL solution of 0.50 M aluminum hydroxide? How many moles of aluminum are there?

    (09) A blood test reveals different concentrations of various essential minerals. A concentration of 0.65 mmol/L of copper (II), 0.09 mmol/L of manganese (IV), and 0.80 mmol/L of zinc. For each concentration, convert them to milliequivalents/L.

    (10) A solution of calcium sulfate has a concentration of 0.20 M. How many equivalents/L of calcium ions are there? How many equivalents/L of sulfate ions?

    (11) A doctor prescribes a dosage of 150,000 units of medication. 75 mg of the medication is equivalent to 1.0 x 105 units. The method of delivery provides only 50. mg of the active ingredient per mL. How many milliliters of the medication will be administered in each dose?

    (12) A prescription calls for 20. g of medication for a patient. Two possible suspensions are available, one with a dosage of 7.0g/10. mL and 10.g/25 mL. How many milliliters of each suspension will be needed to meet the dosage the prescription calls for?

    (13) The dosage is 4.0 mg and must be equally distributed throughout a ten-minute period. If the solution is only available in 3.0 mg/10 mL, what will the flow rate be in mL/min?

    (14) A doctor calls for a dosage to be increased. Currently the patient is receiving a flow of 50. mL/hr, with the concentration of 30. mg/200. mL. The doctor calls for the dosage, in mg/min, to be increased by 50.%. What will the new flow rate, in mg/min, be?

    (15) An infant weighing 20. lbs. is prescribed a dose of 100. mg three times a day. A report emerges that the safe dosage of that medication is between 25 and 45 mg/kg of body weight per day. Is the prescribed dosage within the safe limit for the infant?

    Converting Between Different Concentration Units

    (16) Convert a 0.65 % (m/v) calcium chloride concentration to molarity. How many Eq/L of calcium ions are present? How many Eq/L of chloride ions are present?

    Colloids and Suspensions

    (17) Differentiate between the following pairs, which is the colloid and which the solution.

    1. Chocolate milk and rice pudding
    2. Tuna salad and vinegar-based dressing
    3. Light syrup and pureed fruit
    4. Rocky road ice cream and fruit juice
    5. Mashed potatoes and vegetable oil

    Membranes, Osmosis and Dialysis

    (18) Given the following situations, wherein two tanks of different solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane, determine the direction of the flow of solvent (water).

    1. Solution A contains a 0.40 M concentration of CaCl2, while Solution B contains a 0.45 M concentration of KI
    2. Solution A contains a 1.00 M concentration of NH4Cl, while Solution B contains a 1.00 M concentration of CH2O
    3. Solution A contains 0.20 M NaCl and Solution B contains 0.30 M KCl

    (19) Define ‘isotonic’. If two solutions are isotonic, based on your definition, will there be any osmosis occurring?

    (20) Given the following pairs, tell which direction (if applicable) the flow of solvent travels.

    1. Hypotonic with Hypertonic
    2. Hypertonic with Hypotonic
    3. Isotonic with Isotonic

    (21) Two solutions with different concentrations and compositions are separated by a semipermeable membrane. The left-hand solution is a .50 M solution of MgSO4, while the right-hand solution contains CaCl2 at a concentration of .40 M. Determine the direction of the flow of solvent, left or right.

    Chemistry in Medicine

    (22) If we have a solution of aluminum chloride with an aluminum ion concentration of 7.0 Eq/300 mL, what is the molarity of aluminum ions? What is the molarity of chloride ions?


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