18 Homework Chapter: Carbohydrates
- Page ID
- 31933
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The following problems are meant to provide an idea of the types of questions that could be asked on exams/quizzes.
- What is the general formula for a carbohydrate?
- What types of organic functional groups are found in carbohydrates?
- Which type of monosaccharide is found almost exclusively in nature, D or L? What does D or L signify?
- Draw Fischer projections of examples of each of the following structures
- An aldopentose
- An aldohexose that is "L"
- A ketotetrose
- For each of the structures draw in the previous problem, (1) circle each of the chiral centers and (2) indicate how many stereoisomers are possible.
- Find the structure of the linear form of D-glucose in your text. Draw this structure, the structure of its enantiomer, and the structure of a diastereomer of this molecule.
- Fischer projections for all of the monosaccharides from C3 to C6 are shown in your textbook. Use these to:
- Draw the alpha-furanose (5-membered ring) form of any aldopentose and any aldohexose.
- Draw the beta-pyranose (6-membered ring) form of any aldohexose and any ketohexose.
- Show the product of mutarotation of these structures.
- What is the relationship between D-gluclose and L-glucose?
- What is the relationship between D-gluclose and D-galactose?
- What is the relationship between D-gluclose and D-mannose?
- What is the relationship between D-gluclose and D-ribose?
- What is the relationship between D-gluclose and D-fructose?
- Draw each of the following disaccharides.
- alpha(1,4) D-galactose D-glucose
- beta(1,4) D-glucose D-glucose
- alpha(1,6) D-glucose D-glucose
- alpha,beta(1,2) D-glucose D-fructose
- What is a branch point?
- Which contains more branching, amylopectin (plant starch) or glycogen (animal "starch")?
- How does cellulose differ from amylose (non-branched plant starch)?
- Why can't humans metabolize cellulose?
Contributors
Clarke Earley (Department of Chemistry, Kent State University Stark Campus)