3.16.1: How to answer an “Explain” Question
- Page ID
- 19239
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(This is useful for science, business, law, policy, debating with friends and family…)
- Do not memorize answers, but think about how to frame a logical argument with supporting key words or facts.
- Do not just restate the fact or the question given. For example, if the question asks you to explain why alcohol X has a higher boiling point than amine Y, you cannot just restate that alcohols have higher boiling points than amine.
- Do not provide information that is not directly related to the question. For example, if the question is about boiling points, discussing resonance stability or delocalization is unrelated.
- Drawing a good/correct structure can often be more effective then trying to describe something in a sentence. If you have a good/correct structure (conjugate base, resonance, etc), then a simple phrase or sentence may be the only thing needed.
- Make sure to read the question and give the information requested. If the question indicates that you need to include a structure, then make sure to do this.
General | Example with a boiling point question (such as #3 from quiz 3A) | Example with an acidity question (such as #6a from quiz 3A) | |
Sentence 1 | State the connection of the question to a concept | Boiling point is based on the strength of the intermolecular forces between molecules. | A stronger acid is more willing to give up an acidic proton and has a more stable conjugate base. |
Sentence 2 | Present your argument, using key words or descriptions for support (this might actually be two sentences if needed) | Both molecules A and B have an electronegative oxygen, but molecule B has an alcohol (OH) group with hydrogen-bonding forces between molecules, while molecule A is an ether with only dipoledipole interactions between molecules. | When comparing the conjugate base for molecules A and B, the conjugate base of molecule B will have the negative charge on an oxygen atom, which is more electronegative and can better stabilize a negative charge. |
Sentence 3 | State the conclusion | Hydrogen-bonding forces between molecules are stronger than dipole-dipole interactions, so molecule B has a higher boiling point. | Therefore, molecule B has a more stable conjugate base, making it a stronger acid. |
Organic structures | Many times it is helpful to include an organic structure as part of the support for your answer. (For example, a conjugate base or resonance structure) Sometimes this will be required. | Although a structure is not required, you could show the dipole of the O-H bond, or the C-O bond, or you could show hydrogen bonding between two OH groups. | Some questions will specifically ask you to draw the conjugate base or use structures to support your answer. Even if not equired, showing the structure of a conjugate base is always helpful. If your argument specifically relies on resonance stabilization as part of your answer, then it is especially good to show this. |