3.11: Halogens
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- Sol Parajon Puenzo
- Cañada College
Learning Objective
- How to name halogenated hydrocarbons
The halogens are elements belonging to Group 7A. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine can be added to hydrocarbons through reactions with their diatomic forms or when bound to hydrogen as hydrogen halides.
When a halogen atom is bound to an otherwise saturated carbon atom, the molecule is known as an alkyl halide.
| Substituent | Symbol | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Fluorine | Fl | fluoro- |
| Chlorine | Cl | chloro- |
| Bromine | Br | bromo- |
| Iodine | I | iodo- |
When naming molecules according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature, remember prefix-parent-suffix (like un-believe-able).
- prefix: what are the substituents?
- parent: how many carbons?
- suffix: what is the family of compounds?
Practice Questions
1. This molecule is named 2-chlorobutane.
What is the name of Molecule A?
2. This molecule is named 2-fluoro-3-methylpentane.
This molecule is named 4-iodo-2-methylhexane.
What is the name of Molecule B?
3. This molecule is named 1-chloro-2-butene.
This molecule is named 5-fluoro-2-hexene.
What is the name of Molecule C?
4. This molecule is named 5-fluoro-1,3-cyclohexadiene.
What is the name of Molecule D?
5. Write the steps that you use to name an alkyl halide, in order, as instructions for a student who doesn't know how to do it.
6. Draw any alkyl halide and go through the steps in naming your molecule.