2.2: Science and Technology - The Roots of Knowledge
- Learn the definitions of science, chemistry, and technology.
Science is a practice of learning about the natural world. Natural sciences include physics , chemistry , biology , geology and astronomy . Science uses mathematics and logic , which are sometimes called "formal sciences". Natural science makes observations and experiments. Science produces accurate facts , scientific laws and theories. 'Science' also refers to the large amount of knowledge that has been found using this process.
People who study and research science are scientists. Scientists study things by looking at them very carefully, by measuring, and by doing experiments and tests. Scientists try to explain why things act the way that they do, and predict what will happen.
Chemistry is the scientific discipline that involves the properties and behavior of matter, and the changes matter undergoes during a reaction with other substances.
In the scope of its subject, chemistry occupies an intermediate position between physics and biology. It is sometimes called the central science , because it provides a foundation for understanding both basic and applied scientific disciplines at a fundamental level (Figure 1.1.1). For example, chemistry explains aspects of plant chemistry (botany), the formation of igneous rocks (geology), how atmospheric ozone is formed and how environmental pollutants are degraded (ecology), the properties of the soil on the moon (astrophysics), how medications work (pharmacology), and how to collect DNA evidence at a crime scene (forensics).
Science is human understanding of how the universe and the things in it work. On the other hand, technology is the use of resources to solve a problem (such as knowledge, skills, processes, techniques, tools, and raw materials). Paleolithic technology is the oldest known, but people likely used technology long before then. The Paleolithic age began when hominids (early humans) started to use stones as tools for bashing, cutting, and scraping. The age ended when humans began to make small, fine tools (Mesolithic); it came to a close when they started to plant crops and develop other methods of agriculture (Neolithic).
Technology was once quite simple. It was passed on through word of mouth, until written word was invented. Writing allowed technology to develop much quicker. In the present day, people continue to understand more about the world and the universe. The use of the telescope by Galileo, Einstein's theory of relativity, lasers, and computing are all scientific discoveries. Technology is of great importance to science, medicine, and everyday life.
Summary
- Science is the human method to make discoveries about the natural world.
- Chemistry is the branch of science involved with the properties and behavior of matter, and the changes it undergoes during a reaction with other substances.