3: Basic Analytical Tools
- Page ID
- 401461
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- 3.1: Concentration
- Concentration is a general measurement unit that reports the amount of solute present in a known amount of solution, which we can express in a variety of ways.
- 3.2: Basic Equipment
- The array of equipment available for making analytical measurements and working with analytical samples is impressive, ranging from the simple and inexpensive, to the complex and expensive. With three exceptions— the measurement of mass, the measurement of volume, and the drying of materials—we will postpone the discussion of equipment to later chapters where its application to specific analytical methods is relevant.
- 3.3: Preparing Solutions
- Preparing a solution of known concentration is perhaps the most common activity in any analytical lab. The method for measuring out the solute and the solvent depend on the desired concentration and how exact the solu- tion’s concentration needs to be known.
- 3.4: Calibration Methods
- To standardize an analytical method we also must determine the value of \(k_A\). In principle, it should be possible to derive the value of \(k_A\) for any analytical method by considering the chemical and physical processes generating the signal. Unfortunately, such calculations are not feasible when we lack a sufficiently developed theoretical model of the physical processes, or are not useful because of non-ideal chemical behavior.
- 3.5: Linear Regression and Calibration Curves
- How do we find the best estimate for the relationship between the signal and the concentration of analyte in a multiple-point standardization? The process of determining the best equation for the calibration curve is called linear regression, which is the focus of this section.