9: Solutions
- Page ID
- 222777
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- 9.1: Prelude to Solutions
- A solution is a homogeneous mixture-a mixture of two or more substances that are so intimately mixed that the mixture behaves in many ways like a single substance. Many chemical reactions occur when the reactants are dissolved in solution. In this chapter, we will introduce concepts that are applicable to solutions and the chemical reactions that occur in them.
- 9.2: Definitions
- Solutions are composed of a solvent (major component) and a solute (minor component). Concentration is the expression of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent and can be described by several qualitative terms. Solubility is a specific amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent. "Like dissolves like" is a useful rule for deciding if a solute will be soluble in a solvent.
- 9.3: Solutions of Gases in Water
- Other factors also affect the solubility of a given substance in a given solvent. Temperature is one such factor, with gas solubility typically decreasing as temperature increases. This is one of the major impacts resulting from the thermal pollution of natural bodies of water.
- 9.4: Quantitative Units of Concentration
- Quantitative units of concentration include molarity, molality, mass percentage, parts per thousand, parts per million, and parts per billion.
- 9.5: Concentrations as Conversion Factors
- Know how to apply concentration units as conversion factors.
- 9.6: Dilutions and Concentrations
- Calculate the new concentration or volume for a dilution or concentration of a solution.