8: Gases
- Page ID
- 222771
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- 8.1: Charles’s Law- Volume and Temperature
- Charles’s law relates a gas’s volume and temperature at constant pressure and amount. In gas laws, temperatures must always be expressed in kelvins.
- 8.2: Avogadro’s Law- Volume and Moles
- The original statement of Avogadro’s law states that equal volumes of different gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of particles of gas. Because the number of particles is related to the number of moles, Avogadro’s law essentially states that equal volumes of different gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same amount (moles, particles) of gas.
- 8.3: Pressure
- Pressure is a force exerted over an area. Pressure has several common units that can be converted.
- 8.4: The Ideal Gas Law and Some Applications
- The ideal gas law relates the four independent physical properties of a gas at any time. The ideal gas law can be used in stoichiometry problems whose chemical reactions involve gases. Standard temperature and pressure (STP) are a useful set of benchmark conditions to compare other properties of gases. At STP, gases have a volume of 22.4 L per mole. The ideal gas law can be used to determine densities of gases.
- 8.5: Gas Mixtures
- The pressure of a gas in a gas mixture is termed the partial pressure. Dalton's law of partial pressure says that the total pressure in a gas mixture is the sum of the individual partial pressures. Collecting gases over water requires that we take the vapor pressure of water into account. Mole fraction is another way to express the amounts of components in a mixture.