9.E: Homework Chapter 9

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Electromagnetic Radiation

1. Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?

a) gamma rays

b) microwave

c) visible

d) radio waves

2. Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength?

a) ultraviolet

b) radio waves

c) x-ray

d) infrared

3. Rank the following types of electromagnetic radiation in order of increasing wavelength:

Infrared, Visible Light, X-rays, Radio Waves, Gamma Rays, Microwaves, Ultraviolet.

The Quantum Mechanical Model

4. Sketch a 3D view (including x, y and z axes) of the 1s, 2s, and 3s orbitals respectively.

5. Sketch three different diagrams, each with a 3D view of the 2p orbitals along a different axis.

6. Sketch as many diagrams as possible, each with a 3D view of the 3d orbitals.

Electron Configurations

7. Write full electron configurations for each of the following elements:

a) Li:

b) N:

c) Cl:

d) Ga:

8. Write full electron configurations for each of the following elements:

a) Ca:

b) Ar:

c) Mn:

d) P:

9. Write full electron configurations for each of the following elements:

a) Xe:

b) Ag:

c) Cs:

d) Hg:

10. Write full orbital diagrams and indicate the number of unpaired electrons for each element.

a) Ne:

b) O:

c) Na:

d) Si:

11. Write full orbital diagrams and indicate the number of unpaired electrons for each element.

a) P:

b) K:

c) He:

d) Al:

12. Write full orbital diagrams and indicate the number of unpaired electrons for each element.

a) F:

b) Be:

c) B:

d) Cl:

13. Write the noble gas electron configuration for the following elements.

a) Nb:

b) Se:

c) Ca:

d) Zn:

14. Write the noble gas electron configuration for the following elements.

a) Ta:

b) Fr:

c) Ag:

d) Al:

15. Write the noble gas electron configuration for the following elements.

a) In:

b) Ba:

c) V:

d) Y:

Valence Electrons

16. Write orbital diagrams for the valence electrons of the following elements and indicate the number of unpaired electrons.

a) Ar:

b) F:

c) As:

d) Zn:

17. Write orbital diagrams for the valence electrons of the following elements and indicate the number of unpaired electrons.

a) Cd:

b) Na:

c) I:

d) Sn:

18. Write orbital diagrams for the valence electrons of the following elements and indicate the number of unpaired electrons.

a) Sc:

b) He:

c) Hf:

d) O:

Electron Configurations and the Period Table

19. Write out the outer electron configuration for the following columns on the periodic table.

a) 1A:

b) 5A:

c) 6A:

20. Write out the outer electron configuration for the following columns on the periodic table.

a) 3A:

b) 7A:

c) 4A:

21. Write out the outer electron configuration for the following columns on the periodic table.

a) 8A:

b) 2A:

22. Write the noble gas electron configuration for the following elements.

a) Au:

b) Ni:

c) S:

d) Sr:

23. Write the noble gas electron configuration for the following elements.

a) Ra:

b) Pd:

c) Br:

d) Po:

24. Write the noble gas electron configuration for the following elements.

a) Ti:

b) Ru:

c) B:

d) Kr:

25. Write the noble gas electron configuration for the following elements.

a) At:

b) Pb:

c) Ba:

d) Ce:

26. Write the noble gas electron configuration for the following elements.

a) Er:

b) Pd:

c) Ge:

d) F:

27. Write the noble gas electron configuration for the following elements.

a) Re:

b) Al:

c) Lr:

d) Os:

28. How many 4d electrons are in an atom of each of the following elements?

a) Y:

b) Ag:

c) Cs:

d) Tc:

29. How many 3s electrons are in an atom of each of the following elements?

a) Mg:

b) K:

c) Na:

d) Li:

30. How many 5p electrons are in an atom of each of the following elements?

a) Te:

b) Xe:

c) Ir:

31. Name an element in the 5^th period of the periodic table with:

a) four 5p electrons:

b) two valence electrons:

c) two 5s electrons and three 4d electrons:

d) one 5p electron:

32. Name an element in the 3^rd period of the periodic table with:

a) three 3p electrons:

b) one 3s electron:

c) six 3p electrons:

d) three valence electrons:

33. Name an element in the 4^th period of the periodic table with:

a) five valence electrons:

b) two 4p electrons:

c) nine 3d orbital:

d) one 4selectron:

34. Identify the element with the following noble gas electron configuration:

a) [Ne] 3s²:

b) [Xe] 6s²4f⁷:

c) [Ar] 4s²3d⁹:

d) [Ar] 4s²3d¹⁰4p¹:

35. Identify the element with the following noble gas electron configuration:

a) [Rn] 7s²5f¹³:

b) [He] 2s²2p²:

c) [Ar] 4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶:

d) [Xe] 6s²4f¹⁴5d⁴:

36. Identify the element with the following noble gas electron configuration:

a) [Ar] 4s¹:

b) [Ar] 4s²3d¹⁰4p⁵:

c) [Kr] 5s²4d²:

d) [Ne] 3s²3p²:

Periodic Trends

37. Circle the element with the larger atoms in each given pair.

a) Rb or Na

b) F or Te

c) Kr or Ge

d) Pb or H

38. Circle the element with the smaller atoms in each given pair.

a) He or Mg

b) Ba or Se

c) Rn or Cs

d) Ne or Ca

39. Circle the element with more metallic characteristics in each given pair.

a) Y or Cl

b) Zn or K

c) Tc or B

d) H or Cs

40. Arrange the following elements in order of increasing atomic size:

Rb, Cu, Cl, Cs, Ne

41. Arrange the following elements in order of increasing atomic size:

O, Be, Sr, K, Kr

42. Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing metallic characteristics:

Ti, Ne, O, Na, Cs

Cumulative Challenge Problems

43. How many electrons can occupy the following quantum shells?

a) n=1

b) n=2

c) n=3

d) n=4

44. Write full electron configurations for the following ions:

a) Mg²⁺:

b) Zn²⁺:

c) O^2-:

d) Cl^-:

45. Write noble gas electron configurations for the following ions:

a) Mn²⁺:

b) Al³⁺:

c) I^-:

d) Li⁺:

46. Based on your answers in problems 2 and 3 above, what conclusion can you draw regarding the difference between transition metal ions and other ions?

47. Come up with five different ions that have the same electron configuration of Argon.

48. Correct and rewrite the following incorrect electron configurations based on how many electrons they have.

a) 1s⁶2p³2s⁶

b) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²4p⁶5s²5p⁶

c) 1s¹2s²3s³4s⁴5s⁵6s⁶

d) 1s²1p⁶1d¹⁰2s²2p⁶2d¹⁰3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s² (for this one, provide your answer in the noble gas notation)