16.15: Ch. 15 Odd Answers
- Page ID
- 503033
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Multiple Choice Questions
1. a
2. c
3. c
4. d
5. b
6. b
7. c
8. a
9. d
10. c
11. b
12. c
Warm-Up Problems
1.amino acids
3. Nucleosides contain a base and a sugar without a phosphate. Nucleotides are nucleosides that have one, two, or three phosphate groups esterified at the 5' hydroxyl.
5. 3’-T-A-A-G-G-C-A-G-T-C-5’ or 5’-C-T-G-A-C-G-G-A-A-T-3’
7. 5’-G-C-U-A-A-U-G-G-C-C-3’
Problems
1. A G K P F E stop
3. The pentose sugars ribose and deoxyribose are part of the nucleotides that are building blocks for RNA and DNA, respectively. The nitrogen bases are covalently linked to and are co-planar with the sugars.
5.
Challenge Problems
1. The hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases are weaker than the covalent ester bonds in the sugar-phosphate backbone and can be disrupted through thermal and chemical denaturants.
Health-Related Question
1. Pyrimidine bases are normally paired with purine bases through hydrogen bonds. The formation of a pyrimidine dimer (covalently bonded T-T or C-C pairs) will introduce a “kink” in the DNA double helix that can prevent the DNA replication or transcription machinery from reading the code correctly. The same is true for a chemical modification that causes a G base to be read as a T. If the damage is not repaired, the cell may die or acquire a mutation in an important region of the genome.