1.E: Exercises
- Page ID
- 465641
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Which of the following statements is false?
a. A law explains why something is true.
b. A law describes a series of experimental observations.
c. A theory can be refuted by new experimental results.
d. Unlike a hypothesis, experimental data is required to formulate a theory.
2. Which is a base unit of the SI system?
a. Gram
b. Liter
c. Cubic centimeter
d. Second
3. Which is a derived unit of the SI system?
a. Kelvin
b. Meter
c. Milliliter
d. Kilogram
4. You measure the mass of a 1 kg object five times: 0.978 kg, 0.979 kg, 0.979 kg, 0.976 kg, 0.977 kg. Are your results...?
a. Accurate, but not precise
b. Precise, but not accurate
c. Both accurate and precise
d. Neither accurate nor precise
5. Which quantity is exact?
a. The number of eggs in a dozen
b. The height of a person
c. The mass of a dog
d. The length of a table
6. Report the volume of the liquid in the graduated cylinder shown in the image to the right using the correct number of significant figures.
a. 2
0 mL
b. 19.7 mL
c. 20.5 mL
d. 19.75 mL
7. Which number has only 2 significant figures?
a. 1082
b. 0.94
c. 0.207
d. 6.23
8. What is the assumed uncertainty in the value 7.934 g?
a. ±1 g
b. ±0.1 g
c. ±0.01 g
d. ±0.001 g
9. Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?
a. Air
b. Chocolate chip ice cream
c. Dirt
d. Concrete
10. Which of the following is a mixture?
a. Helium
b. Copper
c. Brass
d. Iron
Warmup Problems
1. Write the following values in scientific notation:
a. 0.000000025
b. 4468241
2. Write the following values in scientific notation:
a. 0.000091
b. 3452
3. Rewrite the provided value using an appropriate SI prefix:
a. 1342 m
b. 0.00358 s
4. Rewrite the provided value using an appropriate SI prefix:
a. 532000000 g
b. 0.0000000081 L
5. How many significant figures are in each of the following values?
a. 1.080
b. 0.00034
6. How many significant figures are in each of the following values?
a. 77.0
b. 0.000005
7. Round the following values to three significant figures. Use scientific notation when appropriate.
a. 81372
b. 0.0234803
8. Round the following values to two significant figures. Use scientific notation when appropriate.
a. 5527
b. 0.0002025
9. Is wine an example of a mixture or a pure substance? Explain your reasoning.
10. Is water an example of a mixture or a pure substance? Explain your reasoning.
11. Is seawater an example of a heterogeneous or a homogeneous mixture? Explain your reasoning.
12. Is steel an example of a heterogeneous or a homogeneous mixture? Explain your reasoning.
Problems
- Round the following value to two significant figures and express it using an appropriate prefix: 0.00389 g
- Round the following value to three significant figures and express it using an appropriate prefix: 72918 m
- Report the final answer to the correct number of significant figures: 3.06 + 5.3
- Report the final answer to the correct number of significant figures: 10.83/3.75
- Temperature conversion: The average temperature of a healthy human is 98.6 °F. Convert this value to degrees Celsius.
- Temperature conversion: Isopropanol is often used as a disinfectant for injection sites on the body. It has a boiling point of 82.3 °C. What is the boiling point in degrees Fahrenheit?
- Conservation of mass: When sucrose is burned in oxygen, it produces carbon dioxide and water. If 10.0 g of sucrose is burned in the presence of 11.2 g of oxygen and produces 15.4 g of carbon dioxide, what mass of water is produced?
- Conservation of mass: If pure iron is exposed to oxygen in a moist environment, it forms iron(III) oxide, otherwise known as rust. This chemical reaction is an example of corrosion. How many grams of oxygen are needed if 24.7 g of iron is completely corroded to form 35.3 g of rust?
Challenge Problems
- Report the final answer to the correct number of significant figures: (1034.3/22.8) - 5.66
- Report the final answer to the correct number of significant figures: (6.311 × 5.82) + 1.04
- The total mass of exactly 250 aspirin tablets was measured to be 81.25 g. What is the mass of a single aspirin tablet? Report your answer using an appropriate prefix.
- Three solutions of volumes 34.6 mL, 20.004 mL, and 73.52 mL are combined to make one solution. What is the final volume of the solution? Express your answer using an appropriate prefix.
Health-Related Problems
- Which has the smallest mass of pain medication, 25 mcg of fentanyl, 15 mg of morphine, or 0.200 g of ibuprofen? Convert them all to the same unit to compare.
- Which has the smaller mass of heart medication, 40 mg of atorvastatin, 0.100 g of metoprolol, or 500 mg of warfarin? Convert them all to the same unit to compare.
- Celsius is often used outside of the US for body temperature values. If a person has a temperature of 98.2 °F, what would it be in Celsius? What would it be for a fever of 100.8 °F?
- Celsius is often used outside of the US for body temperature values. If a person has a temperature of 97.6 °F, what would it be in Celsius? What would it be for a hypothermic patient with a temperature of 94.5 °F?
- If blood is allowed to settle or is centrifuged, the red blood cells and the clear plasma can be separated. Is blood a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?
- Cloudy urine can be a sign of kidney problems or dehydration. If allowed to sit, the solids will settle out. Is cloudy urine a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?