Unit 7 Pre-Assessment: Civil Rights and Vietnam

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cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1Which action designed to oppose a political or business policy is closest to the approach used by Martin Luther King, Jr.?a war protester accepting a jail term rather than registering for the drafta union picketer assaulting a strikebreakera government employee resisting arrest for failure to pay income taxesdissatisfied workers destroying machinery in their factory1100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1The major goal of the civil rights movement of the 1960’s was toestablish a separate political state for African Americansgain passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitutionend segregation based on racepermit unlimited immigration to the United States7100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1When necessary to achieve justice, which method did Martin Luther King, Jr., urge his followers to employ?using violence to bring about political changeengaging in civil disobedienceleaving any community in which racism is practiceddemanding that Congress pay reparations to African Americans10100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1When President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent Federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, during the 1957 school integration crisis, he was exercising his constitutional power asChief LegislatorCommander-in-ChiefChief DiplomatHead of State14100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1"Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." <div style="color: #000000; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;" align="right">-Brown v. Board of Education</div> The effect of this Supreme Court ruling was toestablish affirmative action programs in higher educationrequire the integration of public schoolsdesegregate the armed forces and the military academiesforce states to spend an equal amount on each public school student18100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1After the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, African Americans continued to experience political and economic oppression mainly becausethe amendments were not intended to solve their problemsmany African Americans distrusted the Federal GovernmentSouthern legislatures enacted Jim Crow lawspoor communications kept people from learning about their legal rights23100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed in an effort to correctracial and gender discriminationlimitations on freedom of speechunfair immigration quotassegregation in the armed forces25100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1The federal voting rights laws passed in the 1950s and 1960s were designed toreturn control of voting regulations to the statesremove racial barriers to votingextend suffrage to American womenprevent recent immigrants from voting30100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1 <table style="font-family: Times; border-collapse: collapse; width: 42%;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="100%"> “. . . I was disappointed not to see what is inside Central High School. I don’t understand why the governor [of Arkansas] sent grown-up soldiers to keep us out. I don’t know if I should go back. But Grandma is right, if I don’t go back, they will think they have won. They will think they can use soldiers to frighten us, and we’ll always have to obey them. They’ll always be in charge if I don’t go back to Central and make the integration happen. . . .”— Melba Beals,Warriors Don’t Cry, an African American student, 1957 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> President Dwight D. Eisenhower reacted to the situation described in this passage by forcing the governor of Arkansas to resignallowing the people of Arkansas to resolve the problemasking the Supreme Court to speed up racial integrationsending federal troops to enforce integration36100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1In 1954, the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka advanced the civil rights movement byguaranteeing equal voting rights to African Americansbanning racial segregation in hotels and restaurantsdeclaring that racial segregation in public schools violated the 14th amendmentupholding the principle of separate but equal public facilities39100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1<table style="font-family: Times; border-collapse: collapse; width: 42%;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="100%"> . . . Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once? . . . —Henry David Thoreau, 1849 . . . But the great glory of American democracy is the right to protest for right. My friends, don’t let anybody make us feel that we [are] to be compared in our actions with the Ku Klux Klan or with the White Citizens Council. There will be no crosses burned at any bus stops in Montgomery. There will be no white persons pulled out of their homes and taken out on some distant road and lynched for not cooperating. There will be nobody amid, among us who will stand up and defy the Constitution of this nation. We only assemble here because of our desire to see right exist. . . — Martin Luther King, Jr., December 1955 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Which statement most accurately summarizes the main idea of these quotations?Revolution is inevitable in a democratic society.Government consistently protects the freedom and dignity of all its citizens.Violence is the most effective form of protest.Civil disobedience is sometimes necessary to bring about change.44100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1The Equal Pay Act, the Title IX education amendment, and the proposed Equal Rights amendment (ERA) were primarily efforts to improve the status ofAfrican AmericansNative American Indiansmigrant workerswomen48100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1Lunch counter sit-ins and the actions of freedom riders are examples ofsteps taken in support of the Americans with Disabilities Actprograms dealing with affirmative actionviolent acts by the Black Panthersnonviolent attempts to oppose segregation52100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1A particular difficulty of the Vietnam War was determininghow to restore French power. who was the enemy.how America got involved. if the United Nations would intervene.54100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1Ho Chi Minhjoined the Vietnamese independence movement after the Dien Bien Phu victory in 1954.was the first Vietnamese leader to lead armed resistance against foreign invaders. was more interested in spreading the communist revolution than he was in Vietnamese independence. became a Communist after European leaders refused to create an independent Vietnam in 1919.58100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1An important goal of the war in Vietnam wasthe domino theory. the open door policy. self-determination of peoples. neutral rights. 63100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1Lyndon Johnson gained authority to conduct the war in Vietnam withCongressional declaration of war. the Vietnam Freedom Act.the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. the War Powers Act.67100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1In Vietnam, escalation of the war meantbringing in United Nations troops as quickly as possible. providing financial aid to South Vietnam to fight the war.an immediate massive buildup of American troops. increasing American involvement in stages.72100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1Massive antiwar demonstrations occurred in the United States in 1970 following the invasion ofCambodia. Laos. North Vietnam. Thailand.73100cc_profilecc.multiple_choice.v0p1The war in Vietnamdestroyed the cold war consensus that had unified the United States since the late 1940s.cost more American lives than any other war in the nation’s history. was in effect an American victory because it prevented Laos and Cambodia from becoming communist. proved that the American strategy of containment could succeed in Asia as well as Europe.77100