Chapter 10.6: End of Chapter Material
- Page ID
- 19914
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| Unit I: Atoms Unit II: Molecules Unit III: States of Matter Unit IV: Reactions Unit V: Kinetics & Equilibrium Unit VI: Thermo & Electrochemistry Unit VII: Nuclear Chemistry |
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Application Problems
Problems marked with a ♦ involve multiple concepts.
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Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used as a dry cleaning solvent until it was found to cause liver cancer. Based on the structure of chloroform given in Section 10.1, draw the structure of carbon tetrachloride.
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Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate are used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen. The ammonium cation is tetrahedral. Refer to Section 10.1 to draw the structure of the ammonium ion.
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The white light in fireworks displays is produced by burning magnesium in air, which contains oxygen. What compound is formed?
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Sodium hydrogen sulfite, which is used for bleaching and swelling leather and to preserve flavor in almost all commercial wines, is made from sulfur dioxide. What are the formulas for these two sulfur-containing compounds?
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Carbonic acid is used in carbonated drinks. When combined with lithium hydroxide, it produces lithium carbonate, a compound used to increase the brightness of pottery glazes and as a primary treatment for depression and bipolar disorder. Write the formula for both of these carbon-containing compounds.
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Vinegar is a dilute solution of acetic acid, an organic acid, in water. What grouping of atoms would you expect to find in the structural formula for acetic acid?
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♦ Sodamide, or sodium amide, is prepared from sodium metal and gaseous ammonia. Sodamide contains the amide ion (NH2−), which reacts with water to form the hydroxide anion by removing an H+ ion from water. Sodium amide is also used to prepare sodium cyanide.
- Write the formula for each of these sodium-containing compounds.
- What are the products of the reaction of sodamide with water?
Answers
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MgO, magnesium oxide
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Carbonic acid is H2CO3; lithium carbonate is Li2CO3.
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- Sodamide is NaNH2, and sodium cyanide is NaCN.
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonia (NH3).
Contributors
- Anonymous
Modified by Joshua Halpern, Scott Sinex and Scott Johnson