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12.10: Determination of the Molecular Formula by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

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    183014
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    High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

    In assigning mass values to atoms and molecules, we have assumed integral values for isotopic masses. However, accurate measurements show that this is not strictly true. Because the strong nuclear forces that bind the components of an atomic nucleus together vary, the actual mass of a given isotope deviates from its nominal integer by a small but characteristic amount (remember E = mc2). Thus, relative to 12C at 12.0000, the isotopic mass of 16O is 15.9949 Da (not 16) and 14N is 14.0031 Da (not 14).

    Formula

    C6H12 C5H8O C4H8N2

    Mass

    84.0939 84.0575 84.0688

    By designing mass spectrometers that can determine m/z values accurately to four decimal places, it is possible to distinguish different formulas having the same nominal mass. The table on the right illustrates this important feature, and a double-focusing high-resolution mass spectrometer easily distinguishes ions having these compositions. Mass spectrometry therefore not only provides a specific molecular mass value, but it may also establish the molecular formula of an unknown compound.
    Tables of precise mass values for any molecule or ion are available in libraries; however, the mass calculator provided below serves the same purpose. Since a given nominal mass may correspond to several molecular formulas, lists of such possibilities are especially useful when evaluating the spectrum of an unknown compound. Composition tables are available for this purpose, and a particularly useful program for calculating all possible combinations of H, C, N & O that give a specific nominal mass has been written by Jef Rozenski. To use this calculator Click Here.

    University of ArizonaIowa State University University of Leeds

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    12.10: Determination of the Molecular Formula by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

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