4: Compounds and Chemical Bonds
- Page ID
- 408974
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- 4.1: Properties and Changes of Matter
- In addition to discussing the categories of matter, we can also discuss both its properties and ways in which it may change. Both properties and changes may be categorized as either physical or chemical.
- 4.2: Summary of Matter and Changes
- Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions with other matter and energy. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter can be described in terms of physical properties and chemical properties. Physical properties and chemical properties of matter can change. Matter is composed of elements and compounds. Combinations of different substances are called mixtures. Elements can be described as metals, nonmetals, and semimetals.
- 4.3: Compounds
- A compound is a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion. The elements carbon and hydrogen combine to form many different compounds. One of the simplest is called methane, in which there are always four times as many hydrogen particles as carbon particles. Methane is a pure substance because it always has the same composition. However, it is not an element because it can be broken down into simpler substances—carbon and hydrogen.
- 4.4: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
- Most elements exist with individual atoms as their basic unit. It is assumed that there is only one atom in a formula if there is no numerical subscript on the right side of an element’s symbol. There are many substances that exist as two or more atoms connected together so strongly that they behave as a single particle. These multi-atom combinations are called molecules. A molecule is the smallest part of a substance that has the physical and chemical properties of that substance.
- 4.5: Ionic Compounds
- Ionic compounds are formed by balancing charges of ions. In order to determine the formulas of ionic compounds, we need to understand the charges of ions as well as how to balance them when they come together.
- 4.6: How to Name Compounds
- Knowing how to name a compound correctly is an important skill both for the remainder of this course, and as you move into other fields. The most important step in naming a chemical is determining which category that chemical belongs in. As you read the sections on how to name different types of chemicals, please recognize the importance of these chemical classifications.
- 4.7: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (Exercises)
- The following questions are related to the material covered in this chapter, however they may not be presented in the same order that they were in your chapter.