5: Organic Molecules
- Page ID
- 255592
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Organic chemistry is the study of molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (with a smattering of other elements). This small selection of elements gives rise to tremendously diverse structures and properties.
- 5.1: Structures and Names of Alkanes
- Simple alkanes exist as a homologous series, in which adjacent members differ by a \(CH_2\) unit.
- 5.2: Branched-Chain Alkanes
- Alkanes with four or more carbon atoms can exist in isomeric forms.
- 5.3: Condensed Structural and Line-Angle Formulas
- Condensed chemical formulas show the hydrogen atoms (or other atoms or groups) right next to the carbon atoms to which they are attached. Line-angle formulas imply a carbon atom at the corners and ends of lines. Each carbon atom is understood to be attached to enough hydrogen atoms to give each carbon atom four bonds.
- 5.4: IUPAC Nomenclature
- Alkanes have both common names and systematic names, specified by IUPAC.
- 5.5: Physical Properties of Alkanes
- Alkanes are nonpolar compounds that are low boiling and insoluble in water.
- 5.6: Alkenes- Structures and Names
- Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a carbon-to-carbon double bond.
- 5.7: Cis-Trans Isomers (Geometric Isomers)
- Cis-trans (geometric) isomerism exists when there is restricted rotation in a molecule and there are two nonidentical groups on each doubly bonded carbon atom.
- 5.8: Line Notation (SMILES and InChI)
- Introduction to line notation, the focus is on SMILES and InChI.