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1.14.67: Standard States: Reference States: Processes

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    • Pressure:
      • [1] standard pressure \(10^{5} \mathrm{~N m}^{-2}
    • States:
      • Solids:
        • pure solids
      • Liquids:
        • pure liquids
      • Gases:
        • ideal gas at standard pressure
    • Solutions:
      • Simple Solution
      • Solvent: pure liquid
      • Solute: ideal solution at unit molality; \(1 \mathrm{~mol kg}^{-1}\)
    • Process/Change [2,3,4] \(\Delta_{\text {proc }} X^{0}\)
    • Subscript ‘proc’ indicates the process. Examples include
      • \(\mathrm{f} =\) formation
      • \(\mathrm{c} =\) combustion
      • \(\mathrm{vap} =\) vaporisation
      • \(\mathrm{r} =\) chemical reaction
      • \(\mathrm{soln} =\) solution]
      • \(\neq =\) activation; an attempt to represent the classic double dagger symbol suggested by Eyring . The symbol is written as a superscript; e.g. \(\Delta^{\neq} V^{0}=\) standard volume of activation.
    • Example; \(\Delta_{\mathrm{c}} \mathrm{H}^{0}=\) standard enthalpy of combustion.

    Footnotes

    [1] R. D. Freeman, Bull. Chem.Thermodyn.,1982,25,523.

    [2] Pure Appl. Chem.,1982,54,1239.

    [3] M. L. McGlashan, Physico-Chemical Quantities and Units, RIC, London, Number 15, 1971.

    [4] Quantities, Units, Symbols in Physical Chemistry, IUPAC, Blackwell, Oxford, 1988.

    This page titled 1.14.67: Standard States: Reference States: Processes was last modified on Sat, 10 Sep 2022 23:01:56 GMT and is shared under a Public Domain license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Michael J Blandamer and Joao Carlos R Reis via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.