1.14.67: Standard States: Reference States: Processes
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Pressure:
- [1] standard pressure \(10^{5} \mathrm{~N m}^{-2}
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States:
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Solids:
- pure solids
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Liquids:
- pure liquids
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Gases:
- ideal gas at standard pressure
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Solids:
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Solutions:
- Simple Solution
- Solvent: pure liquid
- Solute: ideal solution at unit molality; \(1 \mathrm{~mol kg}^{-1}\)
- Process/Change [2,3,4] \(\Delta_{\text {proc }} X^{0}\)
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Subscript ‘proc’ indicates the process. Examples include
- \(\mathrm{f} =\) formation
- \(\mathrm{c} =\) combustion
- \(\mathrm{vap} =\) vaporisation
- \(\mathrm{r} =\) chemical reaction
- \(\mathrm{soln} =\) solution]
- \(\neq =\) activation; an attempt to represent the classic double dagger symbol suggested by Eyring . The symbol is written as a superscript; e.g. \(\Delta^{\neq} V^{0}=\) standard volume of activation.
- Example; \(\Delta_{\mathrm{c}} \mathrm{H}^{0}=\) standard enthalpy of combustion.
Footnotes
[1] R. D. Freeman, Bull. Chem.Thermodyn.,1982, 25 ,523.
[2] Pure Appl. Chem.,1982, 54 ,1239.
[3] M. L. McGlashan, Physico-Chemical Quantities and Units, RIC, London, Number 15, 1971.
[4] Quantities, Units, Symbols in Physical Chemistry, IUPAC, Blackwell, Oxford, 1988.