1.14.67: Standard States: Reference States: Processes
- Page ID
- 391141
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
- Pressure:
- [1] standard pressure \(10^{5} \mathrm{~N m}^{-2}
- States:
- Solids:
- pure solids
- Liquids:
- pure liquids
- Gases:
- ideal gas at standard pressure
- Solids:
- Solutions:
- Simple Solution
- Solvent: pure liquid
- Solute: ideal solution at unit molality; \(1 \mathrm{~mol kg}^{-1}\)
- Process/Change [2,3,4] \(\Delta_{\text {proc }} X^{0}\)
- Subscript ‘proc’ indicates the process. Examples include
- \(\mathrm{f} =\) formation
- \(\mathrm{c} =\) combustion
- \(\mathrm{vap} =\) vaporisation
- \(\mathrm{r} =\) chemical reaction
- \(\mathrm{soln} =\) solution]
- \(\neq =\) activation; an attempt to represent the classic double dagger symbol suggested by Eyring . The symbol is written as a superscript; e.g. \(\Delta^{\neq} V^{0}=\) standard volume of activation.
- Example; \(\Delta_{\mathrm{c}} \mathrm{H}^{0}=\) standard enthalpy of combustion.
Footnotes
[1] R. D. Freeman, Bull. Chem.Thermodyn.,1982,25,523.
[2] Pure Appl. Chem.,1982,54,1239.
[3] M. L. McGlashan, Physico-Chemical Quantities and Units, RIC, London, Number 15, 1971.
[4] Quantities, Units, Symbols in Physical Chemistry, IUPAC, Blackwell, Oxford, 1988.