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9.7: Problems

  • Page ID
    107021
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    Problem \(\PageIndex{1}\)

    Determine whether the following differentials are exact or inexact. If they are exact, determine \(u=u(x,y)\).

    1. \(du=(2ax+by)dx+(bx+2cy)dy\)
    2. \(du=(x^2-y^2)dx+(2xy)dy\)
    Problem \(\PageIndex{2}\)

    Determine whether dz is exact or inexact. If it is exact, determine \(z=z(P,T)\).

    \[dz=-\frac{RT}{P^2}dP+\frac{R}{P}dT \nonumber \]

    Problem \(\PageIndex{3}\)

    From Equation \ref{eq:dG}, and using the fact that \(G\) is a state function, prove that the change in entropy (\(\Delta S\)) of one mole of an ideal gas whose pressure changes from an initial value \(P_1\) to a final value \(P_2\) at constant temperature is:

    \[\Delta S =-R \ln{\frac{P_2}{P_1}}\nonumber \]

    Problem \(\PageIndex{4}\)

    From Equations \ref{eq:dU}-\ref{eq:dA}, and using the fact that \(U,H\) and \(A\) are state functions, derive the three corresponding Maxwell relations.

    Answer

    Add texts here. Do not delete this text first.

    Problem \(\PageIndex{5}\)

    Given the following differential:

    \[dz=xy dx + 2y dy\nonumber \]

    1. Determine if it is exact or inexact. If it is, obtain \(z(x,y)\)
    2. Calculate the line integrals \(\int_c{dz}\) for the paths enumerated below:
      1. the line \(y=2x\) from \(x=0\) to \(x=2\)
      2. the curve \(y = x^2\) from \(x = 0\) to \(x = 2\)
      3. any other path of your choice that joins the same initial and final points.
    Problem \(\PageIndex{6}\)

    For a mole of a perfect monoatomic gas, the internal energy can be expressed as a function of the pressure and volume as

    \[U = \frac{3}{2}PV\nonumber\]

    1. Write the total differential of \(U\), \(dU\).
    2. Calculate the line integrals \(\int_c{dU}\) for the paths shown below (\(c_1, c_2, c_3\)): Screen Shot 2019-10-30 at 10.57.39 AM.png
    3. Calculate \(U(V_f,P_f)-U(V_i,P_i)\) and compare with the results of b) (Note: \(f\) refers to the final state and \(i\) to the initial state).
    4. Considering your previous results, calculate \(\int_c{dU}\) for the path below:

    Screen Shot 2019-10-30 at 10.57.49 AM.png

    As defined in Section 9.3,

    \[\label{eq:dU} dU=T(S,V)dS-P(S,V)dV\]

    \[\label{eq:dP} dH=T(S,P)dS+V(S,P)dP\]

    \[\label{eq:dA} dA=-S(T,V)dT-P(T,V)dV\]

    \[\label{eq:dG} dG=-S(T,P)dT+V(T,P)dP\]


    This page titled 9.7: Problems is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Marcia Levitus via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request.