1.2: Chapter 1-3 Answers

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1. C

2. Three: 2p_x, 2p_y, 2p_z

3. Six

7. +1

8. B

9. Zero

10. B and C only. Atoms have been moved in A, which is not allowed

11.

12. A

13. TRUE

14.

15.

16. False

17. B

18.

19. D

20. B

21. Molecular orbitals

22. Sigma

23. Pi

24. B

25. 180 degrees

26. 109.5 degrees

27. 120 degrees

28. sp² /120

29. sp³/tetrahedral

30. C

31. sp²

32. sp

33. Six. The triple bond contains two of them.

34. B

35. The alcohol, CH₃CH₂CH₂OH, has the higher boiling point, since it is capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The ether is not.

36. CH₃CH₂CH₂NH₂ has the higher boiling point, since it is capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

37. The alcohol, CH₃CH₂OH, is more soluble in water since it can form a hydrogen bond to water and accept a hydrogen bond from water. The ether, CH₃OCH₃, can only accept a hydrogen bond from water.

38. The amine, (CH₃)₂NH, is more soluble in water since it can hydrogen bond with water. Alkanes are not capable of hydrogen bonding with water.

39. Structural isomers: same molecular formulas, but different atom connectivities.

40. Structural isomers

41. Geometric (cis-trans) isomers: They owe their existence to hindered rotation around the pi-bond.

42. Structural isomers

43. Structural isomers

44. Geometric (cis-trans) isomers:

45. B

46. E

47. E

48. Carboxylic acid:

49. 14 sigma bonds and 3 pi bonds. You must count every C-C and C-H bond. The CN bond is a triple bond, which alone accounts for two pi and one sigma bond.

50. 6 sigma bonds and 3 pi bonds.

51. E. There is no sp³ oxygen in the molecule.

52.

53. 2,5-dimethylheptane

54. 2,2-dimethyl-5-(1-methylpropyl)nonane

55. 4-(1-methylethyl)decane

56. 3-ethyl-7-methyl-5-propylnonane

57.

58.

59.

60. trans-1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopentane

61. 1-bromo-4,4-dimethylcyclohexane

62. 2-iodo-2-methylpentane

63. cis-1, 2-dichlorocyclopentane

64. (CH₃)₂CH-I

65. CH₃CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂Br

66. B (Isoproyl chloride). Chlorine is attached to a secondary carbon.

67. E (Isobutyl chloride). Chlorine is attached to a primary carbon: