21.12: Solutions to Additional Exercises
- Page ID
- 166450
General Review
21-1
21-2 1-[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]ethan-1-one
Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids
21-3:
21-4:
Possible route of synthesis:
21-5:
Answer: C
(E or Z orientation allowed)
Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
21-6:
21-7:
21-8:
Answer: B
Condensation of Acids with Alcohols: the Fischer Esterification
21-9:
21-10:
Answer: D
21-11:
Condensation of Acids with Amines: Direct Synthesis of Amides
21-12:
21-13:
Answer: C
21-14:
Alkylation of Carboxylic Acids to Form Ketones
21-15:
21-16:
Two equivalents of the organolithium reagent is necessary for the alkylation of carboxylic acids because one equivalent is used to form a salt with the carboxylic acid and the other equivalent is the nucleophile that adds to the carbonyl carbon.
An example of the intermediate from problem 20-1.
21-17: