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1.5C: Gravity Filtration

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    93375
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    When there is a need to separate a solid-liquid mixture, it is common that the particles are so fine that they swirl and disperse when the flask is tilted. These mixtures cannot be decanted, and an alternative method is gravity filtration. Gravity filtration is generally used when the filtrate (liquid that has passed through the filter paper) will be retained, while the solid on the filter paper will be discarded.

    A common use for gravity filtration is for separating anhydrous magnesium sulfate (\(\ce{MgSO4}\)) from an organic solution that it has dried (Figure 1.68b). Anhydrous magnesium sulfate is powdery, and with swirling in an organic solvent creates a fine dispersal of particles like a snow globe.

    Gravity filtration of organic solution
    Figure 1.68: a) An organic solution dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, b) Gravity filtration of this solution.

    To gravity filter a mixture, pour the mixture through a quadrant-folded filter paper (Figure 1.69) or fluted filter paper in a funnel and allow the liquid to filter using only the force of gravity (Figure 1.68c). It is best to pour as if attempting to decant, meaning to keep the solid settled in the flask for as long as possible. When solid begins to pour onto the filter paper, it has the possibility of clogging the filter paper pores or slowing filtration. After finished pouring, rinse the solid on the filter paper (and in the flask) with a few portions of fresh solvent to remove residual compound adhering to the solid.

    Diagram of folding filter paper into fourths. First fold the filter paper in half. Fold in half again. Open at the top to get a cone shape.
    Figure 1.69: Creating a quadrant-folded filter paper. The dotted lines represent locations to crease and fold the filter paper. The arrows show the direction of folding.

    This page titled 1.5C: Gravity Filtration is shared under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Lisa Nichols via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request.

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