6.6: Key Terms

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aqueous solution: solution for which water is the solvent

Avogadro’s number (N_A): experimentally determined value of the number of entities comprising 1 mole of substance, equal to 6.022 $\times$ 10²³ mol⁻¹

concentrated: qualitative term for a solution containing solute at a relatively high concentration

concentration: quantitative measure of the relative amounts of solute and solvent present in a solution

dilute: qualitative term for a solution containing solute at a relatively low concentration

dilution: process of adding solvent to a solution in order to lower the concentration of solutes

dissolved: describes the process by which solute components are dispersed in a solvent

empirical formula mass: sum of average atomic masses for all atoms represented in an empirical formula

formula mass: sum of the average masses for all atoms represented in a chemical formula; for covalent compounds, this is also the molecular mass

mass percentage: ratio of solute-to-solution mass expressed as a percentage

mass-volume percent: ratio of solute mass to solution volume, expressed as a percentage

molar mass: mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance

molarity (M): unit of concentration, defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution

mole: amount of substance containing the same number of atoms, molecules, ions, or other entities as the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of ¹²C

parts per billion (ppb): ratio of solute-to-solution mass multiplied by 10⁹

parts per million (ppm): ratio of solute-to-solution mass multiplied by 10⁶

percent composition: percentage by mass of the various elements in a compound

solute: solution component present in a concentration less than that of the solvent

solvent: solution component present in a concentration that is higher relative to other components

volume percentage: ratio of solute-to-solution volume expressed as a percentage

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