Accents and Syllables

Before applying accent rules, you need to understand how syllables work in Spanish. Every word can be divided into syllables – and ONE syllable is stronger than the others. Put another way, we can say the sound of ONE VOWEL sounds louder than the others in the word.

HO – la    you hear the "O" loudest
es – pa – ÑOL    you hear the "O" loudest
gra – MÁ – ti – ca    you hear the second "A" or "MA"
bien – ve – NI – dos    you hear the "I" or "NI" loudest

If you can identify the strongest syllable (la sílaba tónica), you can apply the accent rules:

If we look at the same example words:

HO – la    ends in A, so the next to last syllable should be stressed. It is, so it does not need an accent mark.
es – pa – ÑOL    ends in L, so the last syllable should be stressed. It is, so it does not need an accent mark.
gra – MÁ – ti – ca    ends in A, so the next to last syllable should be stressed. However, the third from the end is stressed, so it DOES need an accent mark.
bien – ve – NI – dos    ends in S, so the next to last syllable should be stressed. It is, so it does not need an accent mark.
 

Video: Accent marks in Spanish basic rules by MyJSalmon. This is a clear explanation and doesn't rush. The video is 14 mins but the explanation ends at 9 mins, followed by examples.
URL: https://youtu.be/f75VaiK7z0Q

Video: Spanish Accent (pronunciation) Rules - Las reglas de acentuación by MaestroKaplan. This is also a good explanation although he moves more quickly.
URL: https://youtu.be/H7HIxXgKilI

Yepes Spanish Grammar Manual's Unit 1: Alphabet, Spelling, Written Accent, Capitalization.

For the accent rules in particular, see the explanation - and especially the summary - on the Stress and Written Accents page

For additional explanation of how to divide a word into syllables, see Appendix 17.2: División silábica.