<p><span style="font-size: 16px;">The invertebrates, or <span data-type="term">invertebrata</span>, are animals that do not contain bony structures, such as the cranium and vertebrae. The simplest of all the invertebrates are the Parazoans, which include only the phylum <span data-type="term">Porifera</span>: the sponges (<a href="http://cnx.org/contents/GFy_h8cu@10.53:u3LCIpa2@8/Phylum-Porifera#fig-ch28_01_01">Figure</a>). Parazoans (“beside animals”) do not display tissue-level organization, although they do have specialized cells that perform specific functions. Sponge larvae are able to swim; however, adults are non-motile and spend their life attached to a substratum. Since water is vital to sponges for excretion, feeding, and gas exchange, their body structure facilitates the movement of water through the sponge. Structures such as canals, chambers, and cavities enable water to move through the sponge to nearly all body cells.</span></p> <table class="s_table"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><img src="Figure_28_01_01_1_5759e114a25ee.jpg" alt="" width="407" height="305" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" id="" title="" /></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.5714px; text-align: center;">Figure 1. Sponges are members of the Phylum Porifera, which contains the simplest invertebrates. (credit: Andrew Turner)</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4;">Now complete the tasks on the list below:</span></strong></p> <ul style="outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 16.8px;"> <li style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4;">Begin by watching <a href="http://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/nsmedia/visualconcepts/60660.htm">Parts of a Sponge</a> </span></li> <li style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4;">Watch <a href="http://my.hrw.com/content/hmof/science/high_school_sci/na/gr9-12/hmd_bio_9780547688442_/nsmedia/visualconcepts/60663.htm">Reproduction in Sponges</a> </span></li> <li style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4;">Go to this page, <a href="http://cnx.org/contents/GFy_h8cu@10.53:u3LCIpa2@8/Phylum-Porifera">http://cnx.org/contents/GFy_h8cu@10.53:u3LCIpa2@8/Phylum-Porifera</a></span>, <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-size: 16px;">and read the entire page</span></li> <li style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-size: 16px;">The QR codes on the page that link to the following, be sure to take the time to visit each link below, or use the QR codes on the page.</span></li> <ul style="outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <li style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-size: 16px;"><a href="https://youtu.be/T7E1rq7zHLc">Filtering Barrel and Chimney Sponges</a> </span></li> <li style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-size: 16px;"><a href="https://vimeo.com/37433377">Sponge Animation: Wild Ride Through a Sponge</a> </span></li> <li style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-size: 16px;"><a href="http://www.portol.org/guide/sponge_guide.html">Interactive Sponge Identification Guide</a> </span></li> <li style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-size: 16px;"><a href="http://www.mcwdn.org/Animals/spongesvideos.html">The Wonderful World of Sea Sponges</a> </span></li> </ul> <li style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-size: 16px;">Use the Glossary at the bottom of the page to help with the vocabulary for this week</span></li> <li style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-size: 16px;">Use the Review Questions and Free Response questions to check for understanding</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin: 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; line-height: 16.8px; word-break: normal; text-align: right;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;">Download for free at <a class="sExtlink-processed" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline-width: 0px; word-wrap: normal; color: #3a549a; word-break: normal;" href="http://cnx.org/contents/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.53">http://cnx.org/contents/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.53</a></span></span></p>